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English Language - Coggle Diagram
English Language
Semantics
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Semantic field - A group of words that fulfil the same kind of role and function in speech and writing.
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Fixed expressions - A well-used group of words that becomes accepted and used as one long structure.
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Morphology
Morpheme - the smallest unit of language that has its own meaning, either a word or a part of a word
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Syntax - the study of how words form larger structures such as phrases, clauses and sentences
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Terminology
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Affix - the overall term for an addition to a root (a prefix or suffix) to modify its meaning or create a new word
Inflectional function - the way that an affix shows a grammatical category such as a verb tense or a plural noun (-s)
Derivational function - the way that an affix helps form a new word by attaching itself to a root (-un)
Grammar
Noun phrases
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Qualifier - an additional word or phrase that adds some further detail to the noun (eg- the dinner was quite good.)
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Sentences
Active voice - The entity responsible for carrying out the verb (the agent) is placed in the subject position of the clause.
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Passive voice - The entity affected by the verb is placed in the subject position in the clause, and the agent positioned at the end of the clause.
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Verb phrases
Verb phrase- a group of words built around a main verb (the head word) ; example - "Prime minister takes big lead".
- Usually contains a main verb and accompanying auxiliary verbs.
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Clauses
Words form phrases, and phrases form larger structures called clauses. These are groups of words centred around a verb phrase.
Made up of 5 elements:
- Subject - Usually a noun phrase; acts as the key focus of the clause.
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- Object - Usually a noun phrase; acted upon by the subject.
- Complement - Usually a noun phrase; gives further information about another element.
- Adverbial - Usually an adverb / prepositional phrase ; adds extra information about the verb being carried out (eg- time, place, manner)
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Graphology
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Symbolic Sign - A sign or image where an associated meaning is drawn from some shared degree of knowledge.
Graphology - being concerned with the visual elements of a text, both verbal and non-verbal - shape, image, colour, space and typography
Shape and layout of a text helps the reader to identify the purpose and meaning of the text, and is often related to its genre.
Multimodality - Texts that relies on the interplay of different codes (eg.the visual and the written) to help shape meaning.
Phonology
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Phonetics - The area of study that is concerned with investigating how sounds are actually produced by language users.
Prosodics - The study of how speakers can shape meanings through emphasising certain aspects of intonation, speed and volume.
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Idiolect
Idiolect - The language used by an individual, expressing themselves in their own style depending on how they have been influenced.
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Context
Audience
Discourse event - an act of communication occurring in a specific time and location involving writers/speakers and readers/listeners
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Discourse community- a group or people with shared interests and belief systems who are likely to respond to texts in similar ways.
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Formality
Formality - a thing that is done simply to comply with convention, regulations, or custom
