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Science
Biochemical Cycles
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Nitrogen is everywhere! In fact, N2 makes up about 78% of Earth`s atmosphere by volume.
Our body, and the bodies of others plants and animals, have no good way to convert N2 into a usable form. We don't have the right enzymes to capture, or fix, atmospheric nitrogen.
Nitrogen fixing bacteria are microorganisms present in the soil or in plant roots that change nitrogen gases from the atmosphere into solid nitrogen compounds that plants can use in the soil.
Ammonification
Bacterias convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2 ) into a biologically usable form in a process called: NITROGEN FIXATION.
Nitrogen-fixing bacterias capture N2 by converting it to ammonia (NH3 ) or ammonium (NH4 - ), which can be taken up by plants and used to make organic molecules.
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Nitrification
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Then, other bacteria known as nitrifying bacteria can take this ammonia (NH3 ) or ammonium (NH4 ) and convert it into nitrites (NO2 ) and nitrates (NO3 ) , and those are even easier than ammonium for plants to assimilate.
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Denitrification
That organic nitrogen finds itself in denitrifying bacteria whose job it is to metabolize the nitrogen oxides and turn them back into nitrogen gas using special enzyme called nitrate reductase.
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In ecology and Earth science, a biogeochemical cycle is a pathway by which a chemical substance is turned over or moves through the biotic (biosphere) and the abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) compartments of Earth.
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Phosphorus is an essential nutrient found in the macromolecules of humans and other organisms: DNA and ATP, part of cell membranes and is a component of our bones.
Certain rocks contain high levels of phosphate, which can be released into the soil and water via chemical weathering.
Organisms require these phosphates to synthesize nucleic acids, membranes (phospholipids) and ATP.
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The hydrologic cycle involves the continuous circulation of water in the Earth-Atmosphere system. At its core, the water cycle is the motion of the water from the ground to the atmosphere and back again.
Cellular Metabolism
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Metabolism is the sum of the chemical reactions that take place within each cell of a living organism. Provides energy for vital processes and for synthesizing new organic material.
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Trophic Levels
Energy
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The process of transferring energy is inefficient,
losing energy in the process.
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“Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it can only be TRANSFORMED”.
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Energy flows unidirectionally from the sun to producers and then to consumers, whereas matter is recycled in different biogeochemical cycles.
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10% Law
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In an ecosystem, the herbivores feed on producers. But only a part of the ingested food energy becomes part of their body and the rest of the energy is consumed by them for their metabolic activities and dissipated as heat.
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