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Mammalia and Aves: Metabolism, Mass, and Lifespan - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Quaardvark was utilized to gather the data analysed in this paper (thought map?).
        
        This experiment was mostly based on data-mining inductive reasoning used to test deductive reasoning based hypotheses.
- - - - How do all of these play off of each other?
      - How can you be sure?
  - - - It is up to future researchers to fully explore the why's.
        
        Why do most birds limit their body mass?
        
        Why don't mammals have increased MSBMR?
        
        Form follows function, so there must be a reason for all of these.
    - - Mammals and birds will share a negative, inverse correlation between body mass and MSBMR.
      - Mammals will have a higher average body mass and BMR than birds.
      - Birds will have a higher average MSBMR than mammals.
      - There will be no correlation between the mass of bird species and their lifespan.
      - Mammals and birds will share a direct, positive correlation between body mass and BMR, as predicted.
- - - - For Mammalia and Aves, I selected body mass and BMR.
        
        When one divides BMR by body mass, the result is MSBMR.
      - Additionally, I selected lifespan for Aves only.
      - BMR, MSBMR, and lifespan were compared to the body mass of individual species and the averages for all species (except lifespan).
        
        This allowed my to plot these values against body mass (or averages against average body mass).
        
        Through these graphs, correlations are easier to identify for this secondary data analysis.
      - The data used to deduce correlations was limited by the availability of data from Quaardvark.
- - - - BMR & Body Mass
        
        R^2 = 0.8410
      - MSBMR & Body Mass
        
        Without Additional Outliers Removed R^2 = 0.7069
        
        With Additional Outliers Removed R^2 = 0.7101
      - Comparison of Averages
        
        BMR
        
        t Stat = -5.8189
        
        t Critical two-tail = 1.9678
        
        MSBMR
        
        t Critical two-tail = 1.9837
        
        t Stat = 5.9894
        
        Body Mass
        
        t Critical two-tail = 1.9680
        
        t Stat = -5.1811
    - - Lifespan & Body Mass
        
        Without Outlier Removal
        
        R^2 = 0.1151
        
        P(T<=t) = 1.1E(-15)
        
        With Outlier Removal
        
        R^2 = 0.2400
        
        P(T<=t) = 1.7E(-26)
      - BMR & Body Mass
        
        R^2 = 0.9235
      - MSBMR & Body Mass
        
        R^2 = 0.8749
  - - - Mammalia
        
        BMR & Body Mass
        
        Strong, positive correlation
        
        R^2 > 80% and graph
        
        MSBMR & Body Mass
        
        Strong, inverse correlation
        
        R^2 > 80% and graph
      - Aves
        
        BMR & Body Mass
        
        Strong, positive correlation
        
        R^2 > 80% and graph
        
        MSBMR & Body Mass
        
        Strong, inverse correlation
        
        R^2 > 80% and graph
        
        Body Mass & Lifespan
        
        Weak, positive correlation
        
        R^2 < 25% and graph
        
        Significant difference in data sets, with or without outliers.
        
        P(T<=t) < 0.05
      - Comparison of Averages
        
        Body Mass
        
        BMR
        
        Null hypotheses can be disregarded
        
        t Stat > t Critical two-tail
        
        MSBMR
    - - Observe differences between mammal and avian metabolism
      - Does avian body mass have any correlation to avian lifespan?
- - - - The misunderstanding that led to the incorrect data was due to a misunderstanding from Speakman's review article (2005).
        
        Body mass and tissue metabolism over a lifetime are relatively independent (Speakman 2005).
  - - - The average body mass of mammals was significantly higher than that of birds.
    - - The average body mass of mammals was significantly higher than that of birds.
    - - The average MSBMR of birds was significantly higher than that of mammals.