The Ancien Régime and
the Enlightenment
The Ancient Régime
Economy and society
Politics
Ancien Régime
feudal system
absolute monarchy
Western Europe.
unlimited authority
Parliamentary monarchy
Louis XIV of France
(1643–1715)
Spains power
Lesser Hapsburgs
decline
Charles I
faced opposition
civil war
republic
1649
Charles II
re-established
James II
William of Orange
Glorious Revolution.
Bill of Rights,
United Kingdom of Great Britain.
after agreements
chamber
House of Lords
House of Commons
17th and 18th centuries
transformations
start of the Modern Age.
European monarchs
powerful.
absolute monarchy
skilled craftsmanship
increased trade
open economy
bourgeoisie
Humanism developed.
Advances in science and philosophy
New artistic styles
powerfull
control
wealthier
Catholic Church.
characterised the Middle Ages.
keep knowledge
new way of thinking
placed human beings
centre of the Universe.
characteristics
guilds
domestic trade
traditional agriculture
low productivity
not commercial:
outdated techniques and tools.
own needs
associations of craftsmen
aspects
working hours
toolsl
prices
wages
the poor quality of the roads
internal customs duties
foreign trade
discovery of America
new sea routes to Asian markets.
large empires
expansion of trade routes
mercantilism
17th century
new economic system
country's wealth
how much gold and silver it possessed.
protectionist policies
accumulate precious metals,
higher prizes
encouraged exports
limited imports
The estates of the realm
Society in Spain
characteristics
sense of honour
work was dishonourable.
clergy increased
crisis
privileged groups,
no invest
commercial bourgeoisie
insignificant
small
economic crisis
petite bourgeoisie and peasantry poorer
more beggars, thieves or bandits.
demographic problems.
in Spain
market fall
expulsion of the Moriscos in 1609
loss of more than 200 000 people
poor harvests
frequent wars.
periodic plague epidemics,
The Third Estate had to pay tax.
The nobility and the clergy did not pay tax
diferences increased
petite bourgeoisie
peasantry
bourgeoisie
prominent merchants
day labourers
suffered
rising prices
poor harvests
higher taxes
for the higher bourgeoisie
small
craftsmen
merchants
not compete with new forms of production.
business owners
European economy developed.
richer
powerful
maintained their economic power
collecting tithes
income they received
peasants
theirs lands
very poor.
lesser nobility
lower clergy
dominant
Third Estate
First and Second Estates
nobility)
traditional privileges
the clergy
did not have any privileges.
ordinary people)