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DNA - Coggle Diagram
DNA
Genetic Variants, Crosses and Traits
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Science of Heredity: Heredity is the passage of genetic traits from one generation to the next. It’s controlled by the chromosomes in the nucleus of cells
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes[46 altogether]. The chromosomes numbered from 1-22 are called autosomes Pair number 23 are the sex chromosomes
Genes carry hereditary information and are found at specific locations along the chromosomes.
A gene’s specific position along a chromosome is called the gene’s locus[ the trait]
Alleles: pairs of genes that carry the same traits and are located at the same place on pairs of chromosomes Technically they are different forms of the same gene.
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DNA Helix
Difference between purine and pyrimidine:
Each DNA strand's ‘backbone' is made up of a sugar-phosphate chain. Attached to each one of these sugars is a nitrogenous base that is composed of carbon and nitrogen rings. The number of rings this base has determines whether the base is a purine (two rings) or a pyrimidine (one ring).
Bonds
Adenine pairs with Thymine with two hydrogen bonds
Guanine pairs with Cytosine with three hydrogen bonds
The purines on one strand of DNA form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding pyrimidines on the opposite strand of DNA.
the phosphate group off of carbon-5 of one nucleotide forms a forms a COVALENT bond with the hydroxyl -OH off of carbon-3 of another nucleotide.
What does “antiparallel” mean?
Each end of DNA molecule has a number. One end is referred to as 5' (five prime) and the other end is referred to as 3' (three prime). The 5' and 3' designations refer to the number of carbon atom in a deoxyribose sugar molecule to which a phosphate group bonds.
Shape of the DNA:
The DNA helix is made of two long strands of DNA that are intertwined—sort of like a twisted ladder
DNA Genetics
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Chromosomes are made of a helical structure called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA molecules carry the code that controls what cells are made of and what they do. They have a spiral shape known as a double helix structure.
Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides. The nucleotide is considered the “monomer” of the nucleic acids.
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DNA Replication
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Helicase, DNA Polymerse, Primase, Ligase are key players. DNA polymerse are a family of enzymes that carry out all forms of DNA replication.
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