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A&P CH1-2 Vocabulary - Coggle Diagram

- - - - "visible"
      - Microscopic anatomy - "micro = small"
        
        "need microscope"
        
        Regionl anatomy - study of the interrelationship of all structure in specific region
        
        ex. the abdomen
        
        Systemic anatomy - study of anatomy by system
        
        ex. the entire skeletal system
- - - - Cell - "smallest unit of living organism"
      - Tissue level
        
        Tissue - "group of cell that work together"
        
        Organ level
        
        Organ - "group of tissue that work together"
        
        Organ system level
        
        Organ system - "group of organ that work together"
        
        Organism level
        
        Organism - " living being that has a cellular structure, Highest level of organization"
- - - - ATP - "Chemical currency for energy"
    - - Catabolism - Break down complex molecules into simpler molecules"
        
        Metabolism - " Sum of all body's chemical reaction"
- - - - ex. "Body temperature regulation"
        
        Stimulas: Body temperature exceeds 37C
        
        Sensor: Nerve cells in skin and brain
        
        Control: Temperature regulatory center in brain
        
        Effector: Sweat glands throughout body
        
        -->
  - - - ex. "Child birth"
        
        Baby's growth takes up all space in the uterus
        
        Sensor: Stretch receptors activated in uterus
        
        Control: Brain signals for release of oxygentocin
        
        Effector: Oxytocin causes uterine muscles to contract
        
        Contractions get stronger until baby is delivered
  - - - Sensor
        
        Set point
        
        Normal range
        
        range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center
        
        ideal value for a physiological functioning; the level for optimally healthful
        
        reports a monitored physiological value to the control center
      - an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus.
- - - - "Forward"
      - Posterior/Dorsal
        
        "Backs"
        
        Superior/Cranial
        
        "Above"
        
        Inferior/Caudal
        
        "Tail"
        
        Lateral
        
        "Side"
        
        Medial
        
        "Middle"
        
        Proximal
        
        2 more items...
    - - Sagittal
        
        "Left and Right"
        
        Frontal/Coronal
        
        "Anterior and Posterior"
        
        Transverse
        
        "Upper and Lower"
  - - - "Face-up orientation"
- - - - A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
      - Molecule
        
        two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
  - - - A negatively charged ion
      - Cation
        
        A positively charged ion
        
        Electron
        
        A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
        
        Proton
        
        A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
        
        Neutron
        
        A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
  - - - A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
        
        ex. NaCl - Sodium Chloride, NaI - Sodium Iodide
      - Hydrogen bond
        
        weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
        
        ex. Water (H2O), Ammonia (NH3)
        
        Covalent Bond
        
        A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
        
        ex. Methane (CH4), Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
        
        Polar covalent bond
        
        A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally
        
        ex. LiF - Lithium Fluoride, NaF - Sodium Fluoride
- - - - Kinetic Energy
        
        Energy of motion or movement
        
        Chemical Energy
        
        A form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms.
      - Energy that is stored and held in readiness
  - - - Concentration&Pressure
        
        Enzymes&Catalysts
        
        Enzyme - protein or RNA that catalyzes chemical reactions
        
        Catalyst - substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
        
        Concentration - number of particles within a given space
- - - - ex. water + table salt
    - - A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
        
        ex. water + oil
      - Hydrophilic
        
        "water loving"
        
        Hydrophobic
        
        "water fearing"
  - - - Acid = 0
        
        Neutral = 7
        
        Base = 14
      - Buffers
        
        mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range
- - - - Sugars, starches and fiber are carbohydrates
        
        Glucose is a type of sugar found in food
        
        Glucose provides energy for all of your cells
    - - Energy storage molecules and chemical messengers
        
        Fats, waxes, oils, hormones
      - Protein
        
        An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids
        
        Amino Acids
        
        building blocks of proteins
        
        Peptide Bond
        
        covalent bond formed between amino acids
        
        Denaturation
        
        loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor
        
        Enzymatic Reactions
        
        2 more items...
        
        Nucleotide
        
        Chemical building blocks for RNA/DNA