unit 45 typical materials
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composites
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Fiberboard or fibreboard is a type of engineered wood product that is made out of wood fibers. Types of fiberboard include particle board or low-density fiberboard, medium-density fiberboard, and hardboard
Glass filler materials come in a few diverse forms: glass beads, short glass fibers, long glass fibers. in plastics by tonnage.
cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together
Epoxy resins are created by mixing BPA and epichlorohydrin (ECH), which are then reacted so as to create the basic monomer unit of epoxy resin called BADGE or DGEBA. The properties of the cured epoxy resins are determined by a chemical process called curing or hardening.
Epoxy resins are the polymeric materials with the presence of more than one three-membered ring which known as epoxide and belong to thermosetting polymer.
metals
stainless steel
gold
Gold is a naturally occurring chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements. It is a bright, somewhat reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal in its purest form. Gold is a transition metal and a member of group 11 of the periodic table.
Pure silver is nearly white, lustrous, soft, very ductile, malleable, it is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity. It is not a chemically active metal
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stainless steel
Stainless steels are steels containing at least 10.5% chromium, less than 1.2% carbon and other alloying elements. Stainless steel's corrosion resistance and mechanical properties can be further enhanced by adding other elements, such as nickel
ABS
polyamides
PLA
PLA is a form of polyester manufactured from corn, cassava, maize, sugarcane, or sugar beet pulp that has been fermented. These renewable resources' sugar is fermented and converted to lactic acid, which is subsequently converted to polylactic acid, or PLA.
ABS has a low melting point, allowing it to be used in injection moulding and 3D printing with ease. It also has a high tensile strength and is chemically and physically resistant, allowing the produced plastic to tolerate intensive use and harsh weather conditions.
A polyamide is a polymer made up of repeating units that are bonded together by amide bonds. Polyamides can be found in both natural and synthetic forms. Proteins, such as wool and silk, are examples of naturally occurring polyamides.
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aluminium
Aluminium is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. It has a great affinity towards oxygen
The manufacturing method of PLA is the ring-opening polymerization of the dimeric cyclic ester of lactic acid, lactide. For the stereocomplex PLA, we developed the four unit processes, fermentation, separation, lactide conversion, and polymerization.
ABS is most commonly polymerized through the process of emulsion (the mixture of multiple products that don't typically combine into a single product). A well-known example of an emulsified product is milk.
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manufacturing-
The two gold refining methods most commonly employed to derive pure gold are: the Miller process and the Wohlwill process. The Miller process uses gaseous chlorine to extract impurities when gold is at melting point; impurities separate into a layer on the surface of the molten purified gold..
Aluminum is manufactured in two phases: the Bayer process of refining the bauxite ore to obtain aluminum oxide, and the Hall-Heroult process of smelting the aluminum oxide to release pure aluminum
Image result for stainless steel manufacturing process
Stainless steel metal is formed when the raw materials of nickel, iron ore, chromium, silicon, molybdenum, and others, are melted together. Stainless steel metal contains a variety of basic chemical elements that, when fused together, create a powerful alloy.
Silver is commonly extracted from the powdered ore by smelting or chemical leaching. ... This separates the silver and gold. Silver is also produced during the electrolytic refining of copper and by application of the Parkes process on lead metal obtained from lead ores that contain small amounts of silver.
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Polyamides are typically made by combining two monomers namely, adipic acid with 1,6-diaminohexane. Once these two monomers have reacted together they form water as a by-product of each polymer chain linkage. This linking of the two monomers is known as polymerisation.
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Epoxy resins are created by mixing BPA and epichlorohydrin (ECH), which are then reacted so as to create the basic monomer unit of epoxy resin called BADGE or DGEBA.
fibers into a wool fiberglass mat (the process known as "forming" in the industry), glass fibers are made from molten glass, and a chemical binder is simultaneously sprayed on the fibers as they are created
Fiberboard is also a kind of artificial wood. ... First break the bark, wood shavings branch and other waste materials into pieces, and then mill them into wood pulp, after that add the glue into it or make use of its own agglutination
wet, dry, and semidry processes and are so termed when the raw materials are ground