Organic compounds
Alkane
Alkene
Alcohols
functional group
simplest form
single bonds
hydrocarbon
general formula- CnH2n+2
combustion occurs when there is not enough oxygen - giving carbon monoxide as a product
They react with chlorine performing a substitution reaction
isomer
compounds with same formula but different structures
C=C double bonds
unsaturated
general formula- CnH2n
-ene (suffix)
-ane (suffix)
they are made through cracking alkanes
more reactive than alkanes
reaction with hyrdogen and water
addition reaction- turns and unsaturated alkene into a saturated compound
polymerisation
monomers have a c=c bond and these bonds break down and add onto each other (additional polymerisation )
2 types of monomers join together with two different functional groups, joining them by eliminating a molecule causing there to be 2 products
testing for unsaturation
regent- bromine water
reaction with unsaturated compound- orange to colourless
reaction with saturated- remains orange
OH group
general formula- CnH2n+1OH
ways to make ethanol
biological
chemical
fermentation
-Using yeast in the absence of air. The enzymes in it act as catalysts
-Start with a substance containing sugar
exothermic
-once the mixture becomes warm the yeast stops working
hydration
reaction is reversible exothermic
high pressure low temperature
addition reaction with water
use of catalyst to speed reaction
Is the part of a molecule that largely dictates how the molecule will react
for example, C=C bond, OH group, single bonds
Homologous series
The chain length increases by 1 time
As the chain gets longer the compounds show a gradual change in properties.
All comp fit the same general formula