Organic compounds

Alkane

Alkene

Alcohols

functional group

simplest form

single bonds

hydrocarbon

general formula- CnH2n+2

combustion occurs when there is not enough oxygen - giving carbon monoxide as a product

They react with chlorine performing a substitution reaction

isomer

compounds with same formula but different structures

C=C double bonds

unsaturated

general formula- CnH2n

-ene (suffix)

-ane (suffix)

they are made through cracking alkanes

more reactive than alkanes

reaction with hyrdogen and water

addition reaction- turns and unsaturated alkene into a saturated compound

polymerisation

monomers have a c=c bond and these bonds break down and add onto each other (additional polymerisation )

2 types of monomers join together with two different functional groups, joining them by eliminating a molecule causing there to be 2 products

testing for unsaturation

regent- bromine water

reaction with unsaturated compound- orange to colourless

reaction with saturated- remains orange

OH group

general formula- CnH2n+1OH

ways to make ethanol

biological

chemical

fermentation

-Using yeast in the absence of air. The enzymes in it act as catalysts

-Start with a substance containing sugar

exothermic

-once the mixture becomes warm the yeast stops working

image

hydration

reaction is reversible exothermic

high pressure low temperature

addition reaction with water

use of catalyst to speed reaction

Is the part of a molecule that largely dictates how the molecule will react

for example, C=C bond, OH group, single bonds

Homologous series

The chain length increases by 1 time

As the chain gets longer the compounds show a gradual change in properties.

All comp fit the same general formula