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Autonomic Nervous System - Coggle Diagram
Autonomic Nervous System
Adrenergic System/Sympathetic System-"Fight or Flight"
Neurotransmitters
Norepinephrine
Alpha 1, Apha 2, and Beta 1 Receptors
Most postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system release norepinephrine as their transmitter
Epinephrine
Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, Beta 2 Receptors
the principal transmitter released by the adrenal medulla
Dopamine
Alpha 1, Beta 1, and Dopamine Receptor
Dopamine is the only neurotransmitter capable of activating dopamine receptors.
Receptors
Beta 1
-increase heart rate, force of contraction, velocity of conduction in AV node
-renin release which leads to increase in BP
beta 1 antagonist- reduced heart rate, reduced force of contraction, reduced velocity of impulse conduction
beta 1 agonist- cardiac stimulation, when heart is in cardiac arrest or heart failure provides a positive inotropic effect, increases heart rate for shock, enhances impulse conduction through AV node
Beta 2
- bronchial dilation, relaxation of uterine muscle, vasodilation, glycogenolysis
beta 2 agonist- bronchodilation, vasodilation of blood vessesl, delays preterm labor
beta 2 antagonist-reduced heart rate, reduced force of contraction, reduced velocity of impulse conduction
Alpha 2
Scientists are still discovering Alpha 2!
located in presynpatic junction
minimal clinical significance
Dopamine
dilates renal blood vesslels (increases renal perfussion)
Alpha 1
- vasoconstriction of the arterials, ejaculation, contraction of bladder, neck, prostate, pupil dilation
alpha 1 antagonist
Essential hypertension
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Pheochromocytoma
Raynaud’s disease
Overdose of alpha1 agonist
alpha 1 agonist
(constricts blood vessels)
Hemostasis (stops bleeding)
Nasal decongestion
Adjunct to local anesthesia
Elevates blood pressure
Mydriasis (dilation of pupil)
Cholinergic System/Parasympathetic System-"Rest and Digest"
Neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine
Nicotinic N, Nicotinic M, and Muscarinic Receptors
all preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release acetylcholine as there transmitter
Receptors
Nicotinic M
-receptors are located on skeletal muscle.
-contraction of skeletal muscle
neuromuscular blocking
(nicotinic m)
-
Block acetylcholine from activating nicotinicM receptors on skeletal muscles
-results in muscle relaxation
Depolarizing agents
No reversal agent (but short acting – peaks in 1 minute, duration 4-10 minutes) -Depolarizes muscle end plates constantly, no repolarization = paralysis
Non-depolarizing Agents
competitively inhibits postsynaptic membranes at the neuromuscular junction
cholinesterase inhibiting (nicotinic m)-prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase
reverse neuromuscular blockade caused by non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents -increases muscle strength in myasthenia gravis -reversible and irreversible categories
Reversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors
-short acting -increases muscle tone, diagnostics myasthenia gravis, and increase in memory
Irreversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors
longer acting -tx. of glaucoma
Muscarinic
-located on all organs regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. -activates parasympathetic nervous system
Muscarinic Agonists (cholinergic drugs)
bradycardia, hypotension, increase sweating, salivation, bronchial secretions, and increase secretions of gastric acid, contraction in lungs, bladder contraction, vasodilation, pupillary constriction
Muscarinic Antagonist. (anti-cholinergic)
(mimics sympathetic system) increase heart rate, decrease secretions, relaxes bronchi, decrease bladder tone , decrease GI tone, dilates the pupil, CNS excitation
Nicotinic N/ ganglionic
- are located on the cell bodies of all postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic,also located on cells of the adrenal medulla.
-Promote ganglia transmission
-promote release of epinephrine
ganglionic agonist (nicotinic n)
allows transmisson to continue of acetylcholine to the preganglionic and postganglionic
ganglionic antagonist (nicotinic n)
-inhibits transmisson between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons