Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Anatomy & Physiology Ch 1-2 Vocabulary, image - Coggle Diagram
Anatomy & Physiology Ch 1-2 Vocabulary
Directional Anatomical Terms
Body Planes
Sagittal
Lateral.
Frontal/Coronal
Anterior and Posterior.
Transverse
Superior/Cranial
Prone
Face-Down.
Supine
Face-Upward.
Lateral
Side.
Medial
Middle.
Inferior/Caudal
Tail.
Proximal
Approximate/How close.
Superior/cranial
Above.
Distal
How Far.
Superficial
Near the Surface.
Deep
Down.
Posterior/Dorsal
Behind/Backward.
Anterior/Ventral
Front/Forward.
Other Terms
Physiology
Function
The study of body function
Anatomy
Form
Regional Anatomy
Specific regions of the body such as the head or chest
Systematic Anatomy
Study of the structure and function of various organs or parts that comprise an organ system
Microscopic Anatomy
Structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
Macroscopic Anatomy
Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye
Homeostasis Terms
Negative Feedback
A type of regulation that responds to a change in conditions by initiating responses that will counteract the change. Maintains a steady state.
Blood Sugar
If the blood glucose level is too low, the pancreas releases the hormone glucagon. This travels to the liver in the blood and causes the break-down of glycogen into glucose. The glucose enters the blood stream and glucose levels increase back to normal.
Positive Feedback
A physiological control mechanism in which a change in some variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change.
Child Birth
The release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland during labor. Oxytocin stimulates the muscle contractions that push the baby through the birth canal.
Control
Compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector.
Effector
An organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus.
Sensor
In homeostasis, a receptor that detects a stimulus
Set Point
The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
Normal Range
Range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center
Basic Chemistry Words
Elements
Molecules
A group of atoms bonded together
Compounds
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
Electrons
Negatively charged particles
Atoms
The basic unit of a chemical element.
Bonds
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond formed when two atom share electrons.
Polar Covalent Bond
A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally.
Hydrogen Bond
Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom.
1.Ionic Bond
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Chemical Level of Organization
Anion; A negatively charged ion.
Cation; A positively charged ion.
Electron; A subatomic particle tha is negatively charged.
Proton; Positively charged particles
Neutron; No charge.
Structural Organization
Tissue Level
Formed by a group of cells. Ex. Nerves
Organ Level
Formed by a group of tissues. Ex. Heart and lungs.
Cellular Level
Cell; Smallest unit of living organism.
Organ System Level
Formed by a group of organs. Ex. Respiratory System.
Chemical Level
Atom; The smallest unit of element.
Organism Level
A living being/creature that has a cellular structure. The highest level of organization. Ex. Humans, animals, and. other living breathing organism.
Function for Human Life
Metabolism
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Catabolism
The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism.
Anabolism
The synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism.
