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writing, Notes, . - Coggle Diagram
writing
abstract
how to write??
the last part written
summery of paper
how to evaluate ??
1-clear objective
2-clear method
3-clear result
aim??
1- summary of the paper
2-structured 5(intro,objective,method,results and conclusion)
or not structure as case report, reviews and special type
method
How to write ??
use the general guidelines of (equator website) for each study
note:: use the journal guidelines to arrange the study
aim of the method ?
1-how the study performed ?
2-reader could duplicate the study
3-structured with subheading (subject treatment protocol statictical method)
How to evaluate ??
A--STUDY DESIGN
1-clear design and where in the evidence based pyramid?
2-is the design is the best for the question?
B--ETHICAL ISSUES
1-Approval of the ethics committee
2-informed consent from patient
C--POPULATION
1-description
2-is the sample size calculated before the study
is it powerful enough to detect the effect?
3-when and where you do the study ??
4-what the eligibility criteria inclusions and exclusions ??
do not make them very strict to be able to generalize the results
5-people participate = selection bias
D-METHODS
1-clear intervention and comperator
2-clear exposture
7-clear outcome
3-clear exposure outcome association
4-how was the exposure measured
6-how was the outcome measured
5-the way to measure the exposure is the same in all groups
9-the way to measure the outcome is the same in all groups
10-the outcome subjective or objective?
11-the blinded patient researchers?
12-could we measure the bias
13- was the time of the follow up sufficient ?
13-have the subjects been lost (missing data)
intro
how to write?
1-what we know
2-what we do not know (scientific gap)
3-what is the aim
aim??
intro is intro of 2 or 3 paragraphs
intro = background
how to evaluate??
1-clear of what we know
2-is the question justified
3-clear what we do not know = question
4-is the scientific gap important
5-citation of pieces of the intro
result
how to write the results ?
1-result of statistics
2-use table and graphs
3-never repeat the result in paragraph if you use table
4-keep table in single page if possible
5-results should be written in past tense
6-but the observation of the study do not prove anything
7-result only confirm or reject the hypothesis.
the aim of the results ?
1-include only results
2-no opinion no discussion
3-no bias no interpretations
how to evaluate ?
1-do the invistigator define the primary and secondary outcomes in advance of collecting the data
2-what is the result and how expressed?
3-how strong the association to the outcome?
4-is it the correct method to collect the data?
5-are the data analysis is appropriate to answer the question?
6-are there and subgroup analysis and did the investigator search for associations?
7-the statistical signeficance and p-value?
8-confidence interval and the result precise?
title
aim:
1- alert the reader
2- describe the research
how to write :question:
Analytical
use PICOS Population Intervention Comparison Outcome Study type
or
descriptive
use PO
2- no abreviations except famous
3-not more than 30 word (simple understandable)
how to evaluate ?
noval, focused, contain the clinical question and the hypothesis
FINER Feasible Interesting Noval Ethical Relevant
discussion
the aim of the discussion ?
how to write the discussion?
1-when start remember the question
2-how the method answer the question and how the method provide the results.
3-the discussion is in place for interpreting the results
4-previous studies
5-main finding limitations and strength points and recommendations
6-make an conclusion from the result
7-focus and it would be the easiest part in the research
how to evaluate?
1-is the a good conclusion ?
2-have the limitation be taken into account?
3-is there any misinterpretation?
4-have alternative limitation been ignored?
5-is the results logical? and do the results fit with the previous study results?
6-can the study have and impact on the health care?
references
how to evaluate ?
1-the key studies
2-relevent
3-recent
4-referenced correctly
conclusion
the aim ?
1-brief purpose and results
2-conclusion is clear and language is simple
3-never repeat the data or discussion
4-provide explanation of ;
1-whether the result explain the question?
2-how the result related to the papers mentioned in the introduction
3-the implication the practitioner and the researcher have
additions
1-highlights
2-limitations
3-acknowledgement
4-conflict of interest
5-funding
6-keywords
7-corresponding author
8-recommenation or
may in discussion or conclussion
Notes
types of plagiarism ?
1-direct
with no change
2-accidental
forget to include citations
3-paraphrasing without credit;
change words
4-self-plagiarism
mix of words from you and other papers
plagiarism software ?
1-Ithenticate
2-turnitin
3-plagiarism checker
4-plagiarism detector
avoid the online checker because it have a stock that your paper would be saved there.
avoid using the paraphrasing programs
1- narretive review only (title intro main text conclusion and reference )
2-the questions never be broad or narrow
how to write ?
1-grammarly software
2-microsoft office
3-PDF Adobe or foxit
4-critical thinking and evaluation
5-software (mendaley,endnote,Epi info, revman)
6-staristic software (SPSS,STATA,R,....)
7-google drive (forms, spreadsheet, storage)
DON'TS
1-Never use of difficult language
2-Never use difficult grammar
3-Never separate between the subject and verb
4-usually use the present or past
.