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Petroleum, image, image, image, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
Petroleum
Fossil fuel
coal
remains of lush vegetation
requires pressure and heat
natural gas
methane
requires high temperature and pressure
petroleum
remains of dead organisms
requires high pressure
uses
burnt for heat
starting chemical to make plastics, shampoo etc
fuel for cars, trucks, planes and ships
non- renewable
cracking hydrocarbons
cracking breaks molecules down into smaller molecules.
lab
Apply heat to a hydrocarbon(thermal decomposition
the vapours pass over the catalyst speeding up the reaction
Hydrocarbon cracks into a smaller group compound
product gas formed at the top of the test tube
refinery
long chain hydrocarbon heated in order to vaporise it
the vapour passes over a catalyst
thermal decomposition takes place
The product formed is quite different from the reactant
reactant
no smell
difficult to burn
thick colourless liquid
few chemical reactions
product
colourless gas
pungent smell
burns easily
many chemical reactions
You can crack any compound to get the right size molecules for another compound
This also forms a c=c bond compound making it more reactive and useful.
Some contain impurities such as sulphur
some are separated simple compounds or smaller groups of compounds
consists of hundred of organic compounds
hydrocarbons- contain only hydrogen and carbon
structural formula
ring-cyclohexane
branched- 3-methyl pentane
straight chain- pentane
refining petroleum- the compounds in petroleum are useful
fractional distillation
lab
process
Heating the petroleum causes the compounds with smaller molecules to evaporate
The vapours of these compounds rise and condense in the cool test tube
After the thermometer reaches 100 °C replace the first test tube with a new one. First fraction is collected through distillation.
Replace the test tube at 150°C, 200°C and 300°C to collect the first four fractions
refinery
process
The compounds boil of based on the size of their molecule
the smaller the molecule the faster it boils and reaches the top, the others(depending on the boiling point) reach a certain point and condense
Fractional distillation is carried out in a tower with petroleum at the base
These fractions show trends
The larger the molecules
the higher the boiling point
less volatile
more viscous
less easily it will burn
