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INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION - Coggle Diagram
INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION
ORIGIN
This civilization belonged to the Bronze Age. It's
estimated that the civilization flourished between
2500 BCE and 1500 BCE.
LOCATION
Mohenjodaro means ' mound of the dead.' it is located on the banks of the river Indus in the Larkana district Sind.(Now is Pakistan)
TOWN PLANNING
They were very well planned and followed a grid system. The main streets ran parallel to each other and cut at right angles by smaller streets, dividing the cities into rectangular blocks or grids
the main road was very wide (about 30 feet) and curved at the corners to allow the carts to pass the easily.
DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS
Animals like goats, sheep, buffaloes, elephants and humped bulls were domesticated. Dogs and cats were kept as pets.
IMPORTANT CHARTERISTICS
The excavation carried out at various sites prove that that around 4,500 years ago, highly civilized people lived in this region and gave to the world its earliest cities, its first town planning, its first architecture in stone and clay and its first example of sanitary engineering and a drainage system.
ARCHITECHURE
The Indus valley civilization people very skillful people. They had 2 types of houses- Dwelling houses and Public houses.
Dwelling houses- Many of them were Double- storeyed, had flat roofs. They were of different sizes. Some were like palaces while others had 2 rooms. They were also made of baked bricks of very high quality. (They have lasted for 4,500 years).
Public buildings- The Great Granary at the Harappa was a huge building. Historians believe that it was to store surplus grains. There were 2 rows of graneries. Each row had 6 graneries. Similar one had been found in Mohenjodaro. All graneries were built near rivers as it would be easier to transport goods with the help of boats.
The Great Bath- It resembled a large swimming pool. It had sic entrances, a central bathing pool and dressing rooms. 2 flights of steps led to the bottom of the pool. The floor and walls of the pool was made of burned bricks and made watertight with a lining of Bitumen. It was probably used during religious ceremonies.
The assembly Hall- It was another striking building found in Mohenjodaro. It was a pillared hall with thick walls and 20 pillars made of burned or baked bricks. Could have been an assembly hall, a prayer hall or a palace.
SOCIETY-
The Harappan society consisted of many several groups- rulers, merchants, traders and artisans, farmers and manual labourers.
FOOD
Wheat was the staple food. Farmers grew barley, mustard, fruits and vegetables. Milk, meat, fish and eggs formed a part of their diet.
THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
The Indus Valley Civilisation had a very well planned drainage system. The kitchen and Bathrooms (With sloping floors) had drains connected to the street drains. The street drains normally ran along the sides of the roads but they were covered.
DRESS AND ORNAMENTS
People wore cotton and woolen garments. Men wore dhotis and woman wore skirts with bangles, anklets, necklaces etc. The poor was necklaces and other jewelry of shell, bone and copper.
OCCUPATION
Agriculture was the occupation of the Indus valley farming. They grew wheat, barley, fruits and vegetables. The land was fertile and the farmers grew enough surplus food to feed the people in towns and cities.
They were excellent potters and skilled craftspeople. They made pottery of various shapes and sizes. They made terracotta female figurines which were probably symbolic of the mother Goddess. They also knew the art of using metals.
TRADE
They traded with countries like Mesopotamia, Persia, and Afghanistan. the discovery of Harappan seals in Mesopotamia .
RELIGION
The Indus Valley civilisation people believed in the mother goddes.