Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Endocrine - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone
        
        increased insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle
        
        ADE: fluid retention, edema, risk of heart failure, weight gain, increased risk of the bone fractures, increased risk of MI ( Rosiglitazone)
    - - Metformin
        
        PM: Decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis, Increases Utilisation of glucose, ( decrease insulin resistance), Decrease absorption from the intestine, decrease plasma glucagon
        
        Uses: first line drug for type 2 obese diabetic patients
        
        ADE: will not cause hypoglycemia*, GI disturbance, lactic acidosis, Vit B12 deficiency ( in long term therapy of metformin), megaloblastic anemia
  - - - binding of a sulfonyulurea on Katp Channels of B cells
        
        release of insulin
        
        Tolbutamide (1st gen), Glipzide, Glyburide (2nd)
        
        type 2 diabetes early stage
        
        ADE: Hypoglycemia, weight gain, hypersensitivity reaction, GI disturbance, bone marrow toxicity, can cross the placenta (foetal hypoglycemia)
    - - Repaglinide and Nateglinide
        
        stimulate insulin release in pancreatic B cells
        
        ADE: hypoglycemia, weight gain
  - - - Acarbose, Miglitol
        
        MOA: Competitive inhibitors of the intestinal alpha- glucosidase, an enzyme that converts complex starches, oligosaccharides, and disaccharides to the monosaccharides
        
        ADE: flatulence, abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhoea
        
        Contraindications: IBD, Colonic ulceration, Intestinal Obstruction
  - - - Stiagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin
        
        MOA: potentiate endogenous incretins by blocking dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) stimulate insulin secretion
        
        ADE: Headache, Nasopharyngitis, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
    - - Bind to GLP-1 receptors
      - PM: augment glucose-stimulated insulin release
      - GI disturbance, Nausea
      - Pancreatitis, severe, less common
  - - - SQ, adjunct to insulin, reduces insulin doses
      - ADE: hypoglycemia, GI disturbaces
      - Contraindication: in patient with gastroparesis
      - PM: supresses glucagon release, slows gas emptying, reduce appetite
  - - - MOA: inhibit renal glucose absorption via SGLT-2
      - ADE: Hypotension, genital and urinary tract infections
      - Efficacy depends on the renal function
- - - - MOA: e,ots short rangeB rays, damages thyroid follicle cells
      - Hyperthroidsm , thyroid cackcer
      - Contraindicated: In pregnaac, young cleaner
      - ADE: delayed hypothyroidism
    - - MOA: inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis by inhbiyion Orgaznisation ( idonation of the tyrosine residuses thyroglobluin) coupling ( coupling GIT and MIT)
      - Prophylaxis: Propylthiouracil inbits the generatous cinversion of t4 to t3
      - Uses: Hypethyroidism Preliminary to sugrery asctiom-as adjunct to radioactve therapy
      - ADE: skin rash, pruritis, agrulocytosis, liver dysnfunction, others: headache, nausea, jaundice,joints paint
    - - MOA: decrease thyroid hormone synthesis and release
      - MOA: decrease the size and vascularity of gland
      - Uses: short term to control thyrotoxicosis preoperatively (before thyroidectomy) , thyroid storm ( temparry measure)
      - ADE: allergic reaction
      - metallic taste, bleeding disordr
      - Lacrimation, conjunctivitis
    - - Propranolol
      - P<: decrease signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism
      - Uses: hyperthyroidism(initial treatment), preparation of thyrotoxic patients for surgery
      - thyroid storm