Kauri Dieback and the Environmental Threats To the Manukau Habour

Climate Change

Rising sea levels

Coastal Flooding

More impervious surfaces can stop water from sinking into the soils as they are more compacted, and this can increase run-off into streams where the water quality may be in decline. DOI #

Increased erosion will damage ecosystems on the shoreline and the sea creatures and other birds and animals living there may not have the required habitat to live properly. Erosion may also damage urban property. Planting riaparian plants along the sides of riverbanks etc. will help prevent this erosion as the roots can help improve the soils health. DOI #

Kauri Dieback

Rising temperatures

Increased risk of natural disasters, including forest fires and droughts #

Contamination

Decreased water quality and availability from increased pollution from contaminants in wastewater, biosolids , agricultural farms and general urbanisation and cars.

Eutrophication and algal blooms caused by increased contaminants like nitrogen, phosphorous. DOI

Insufficient wastewater management with excess chemicals

Urban Development

Increased population needs more resources (water, space for buildings etc.) and the industrial processes to keep up with the populaiton willcause more pollution/ contamination. #

Matauranga Maori indicates cultural importance of Kauri

Rahui policies to prevent dieback spread via limited foot traffic and better cleanliness DOI

Less plants since there are less kauri are there to help with water channels and flow in soils

More waste water will affect organisms when they interact with the waste and human health will be compromised with the accumulation of unnecessary substances in the drinking water and the accumulation of the edible fish that get the nutrients and heavy metals into their system. DOI #

Habitat loss from development into forests

Fragmented habitation

More foot traffic, vehicles and pets increases spread of kauri dieback pathogen, increased introduced exotic species and decreased natives. DOI

Fragmentation can Increase contamination from runoff from households and fertilisers, will affect water and soil quality. DOI

More compact and less impervious soils

Increases flooding risk since water can't sink through the compacted soils and impervious surfaces. More runoff with contaminants are possible. DOI

Decreased dominance of native, non-fire and drought resistance species, such as less kauri, and increased dominance of drought and fire-resistant species that are usually non-native #

Less plants, birds and other animals from less vegetation and increased soil erosion from the droughts and changed plant varieties. DOI051[0723:CCAFD]2.0.CO;2) #

Fire #

Rahui

Water #

With changed water fflow comes increased risk of flooding and also more chances for the dieback pathogen to spread. DOI

Rahui can help prevent excess consumption of resources and protect the environment but may not always be supported legally and so some people may go against them and not face consequences. Funding to implement and enforce these rahui policies may also be insufficient. A lack of culturally important objects and sites will hurt Matauranga Maori' and the ability to connect spiritually with their heritage. DOI # #

Habitat quality, dynamics, connectivity, erosion and the populations of species will be changed with fragmentation. Restoring these habitats and improving connectivity will help species recover. DOI #

Lessened water water and a decrease in drinking water caused by industrial uses will harm humans and animals drinking supplies and plants and trees. DOI