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Families of organic compounds - Coggle Diagram
Families of organic compounds
Prefixes and sufixes
Prefixes and number of carbon atoms
prop - 3
but - 4
eth - 2
pent - 5
meth - 1
hex - 6
Sufixes and their families
ene - alkenes
ol - alchohol
ane - alkanes
Functional groups and the homologous series
Functional group
It is a part of a molecule which largely dictates how a molecule will react
Ex. alkenes have a double carbon bond and so they react in a similar manner
Homologous series
In a homologous series...
all compounds fit the same general formula
all compounds fir the sane functional group
the chain length increases by one everytime
As chain becomes longer, compounds show gradual change in properties
Alkanes
simplest family of organic compounds
They are hydrocarbons containing only hydrogen and carbon
Their carbons are all single bonds
Their general formula is CnH2n+2
Alcohols
They are the family of organic compounds that contain the OH group
General formula CnH2n+1 OH
OH is the functional group
-1- means that the OH is attached to either the first or last carbon of the chain.
Alkenes
All alkenes are hydrocarbons
All alkenes contain a carbon-carbon double bond. This is their functional group
Because of their carbon double bonds, they are called unsaturated
Test for unsaturation
reagent: bromine water
If unsaturated, colour changes from orange to colourless
If saturated, no colour change
Their general formula is CnH2n
Isomers
Structures with the same general formula but different structures
Polymerisation
Additional polymerisation
In ethene, reaction takes place in the C=C bond because the bond breaks down allowing other bonds to add on to each other
Monomers must have a c=c double bond
Condensation polymerisation
2 types of monomers join together each with two functional groups.
They join at their functional group by eliminating a small molecule and so there are 2 products