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Criminology School of Thoughts - Coggle Diagram
Criminology School of Thoughts
CLASSICAL SCHOOL
(18TH CENTURY)
Cesare Beccaria
THE FATHER OF THE CLASSICAL SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY
-according to him that man is essentially a moral creature with absolute free will to choose between good and evil.
THREE DETERRENCE CONCEPTS
CERTAIN
people must know they will be punished for their illegal behavior :red_flag:
people can't evade the law for any reason :red_flag:
3.SWIFT
punishment should not be delayed :red_flag:
SEVERE
-punishment must outweight the rewards of the illegal action. :red_flag:
-proportionality is sometimes at odds, especially since each person is different in terms of what constitutes punishment :red_flag:
FREEWILL
-punishment is severe enough for people to choose, to avoid criminal acts. :red_flag:
-includes the belief that a certain criminal act warrants a certain punishment without any variation. :red_flag:
Jeremy Bentham
founder of utilitarianism/hedonism
BETHAM'S UTILITARIANISM THEORY
people are guide by a desire for pleasure and an aversion to pain.
PANOPTICON PRISON
is a type of hierarchical structure and control mechanism
FIVE KEY PRINCIPLES
RATIONALITY
people have free will and that they choose to commit crimes :red_flag:
HEDONISM
people seek pleasure and try to avoid pain :red_flag:
PUNISHMENT
punishment works as a deterrent to crime :red_flag:
HUMAN RIGHTS
it was uncommon to torture someone who was only suspected of a crime, and the punishments once convicted could be horrifying :red_flag:
LEGALITY
Laws and punishments should be known to the public : :red_flag:
must be predictable :red_flag:
-no torture or institute an unreasonably harsh punishment
-individuals have the rights which need to be respected by society
NEO-CLASSICAL SCHOOL
-accepted the fact that crime is committed in accordance with the free will of man but the act of committing a crime is modified by some causes that finally prevail upon the person to commit crimes. :red_flag:
CAUSES
INCOMPETENCE
INSANITY
PATHOLOGY
POSITIVIST/ITALIAN SCHOOL
assumed that criminal
conduct is by brought about
by Internal and External
factors outside of the
Individuals control.
THE HOLY THREE
RAFAELE GAROFALO (1852-1934)
Ferri's classification of offenders
Murderers (endemic)
Violent Criminals
Criminal lacking in the sentiment of probity
Lascivious/ Lustful criminals
-rejected the doctrine of free will
-according to him the only way to understand crimes was to study it by scientific methods
CESARE LOMROSO
(1836-1909)
FATHER OF MODERN CRIMINOLOGY
"CRIME: IT'S CAUSES AND REMEDIES
ideas and the classification of crminals
CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMINALS
Criminal by passion
Born Crminals
Insane Criminals
Criminoloid
Occasional Criminal
Pseudo- criminals
ENRICO FERRI (1856-1929)
Law on Criminal Saturation
Anthropological
Psychological or social
Physical or Geographical
-who argued that criminals should be held morally responsible for their crimes
Three MAIN TYPE OF POSITIVISM
Psychological Positivism
Social Positivism
Biological Positivism