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Feudalism & manorialism - Coggle Diagram
Feudalism & manorialism
Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism
The Manor was the lord's estate
The lord gave the serfs housing, farmland, and protection from bandits. For that the serfs tended the lord's lands, cared for animals, and preformed other tasks to maintain the estate.
Through the middle ages the manor system was the basic economic arrangement.The manor system rested on a set of rights and obligations between a lord and his serfs.
Pheasant men and women both shard the farm work
All the Pheasants, free or serf, owed the lord certain duties. This was a few days of labor each week and a certain portion of the grain they had/farmed
A self-contained world
Peasants most of the time did not go far away from their manor. A manor typically consisted of a few miles of land.
15 to 30 families lived in the village on a manor. Fields, pastures, and woodland was around the village.
A stream would sometimes go through the manor which provided fish which was an important source of food. The mill for grinding the grain was often by the stream also.
The manors were very self sufficient community based on thoughtful land use. The serfs and peasants raised and produced everything they needed and what their lord also needed.
Technological Improvements
Not many times there was much innovations and independent thought in manor life with engineering and inventions for use on farms.
The metal horse shoe was invented during this time. Also a new type of horse harness was also better for use than the ones the Romans had made.
The pitchfork was used also for the first time to turn over plowed earth.
This was huge to keep this type of thinking of original thought kept alive and this soon led to Scientific Revolution.
The harshness of manor life
For the pheasants to live on the lords land they had to pay a high price. They had to pay a tax on all grain ground in the lords mill. If you tried to not or tried to avoid paying taxes it was considered a crime.
Pheasants also had to pay taxes on marriage. Weddings could only take place with the lords approval.
They had to pay many payments, pheasant families owed the village priest a tithe, or church tax. It represented one-tenth of their income.
Serfs lived close together in very crowded cottages. They cottages only had 1 to 2 rooms. If there were two rooms one was used for cooking, eating, and household activities.
They sometimes brought pigs into their dirt floor houses to warm it. They slept on a pile of straw that had lots of insects and they were not given good food to eat.
There days revolved around farm work and and raising crops and livestock for men and women both. Many children did not survive to adulthood. They were many illnesses. The average life expectancy was 35 years.
Despite the hardships they faced serfs still accepted their lot in life as apart of the churches teachings. They believed that God determined a person's place in society.
They had to work hours on hours everyday and it was very harsh, depending on what they were doing they sometimes worked sunrise to sundown.
Link
Was the distinction between serfs and slaves important?
They do have similarities, however slaves were more considered forms of property and had owners. The lord gave the serfs land and food but they had requirements. So yes, I think that the distinction was important
How did religion support the feudal system?
Religion supported the feudal system because religion played a huge role during this time. The rules made went with the laws that even still play role today. They have a strong relation to each other and really connect.
Invaders attack Western Europe
Northern Trades and Conquests
The Vikings would set their sails for Scandinavia. A Place in Northern Europe. Today consistent of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.
These Vikings did a lot of traveling, trading, and even farming. However, traveling was one of their strong suits. From going into the heart of Russia. To landing in the Americas in 1000. This also happened to be the time in which the Viking fell. Once Christianity hit Europe like a rock, most joined in the movement. Then as the climate in Scandinavia changed. they adapted and traveled a lot less. To eventually just fade away.
They were a Germanic people called Norsemen. They believed in gods of war and took pride in gruesome names. Such as: "Eric Bloodaxe or Thorfinn Skullsplitter". They were very cruel people.
The Vikings were advanced in their attacks. Sparing no time they'd tear through villages as quick as they beached their boats. Holding swords and axes, with wooden shields and helmets. They would ravage through places and set said for the next.
These amazing ships helped them with this all. They could hold upwards of 300 men. Or, 2 tons of things when full. With an impressive 72 oars, they could go anywhere with surprising speed.
https://www.hmhco.com/content/hmof/social_studies/hmhss/na/gr9-12/hs_ws_ese_9780544673595_/#module_4_lesson04--invaders_attack_western_europe/https://www.hmhco.com/rce/toc/
Attacks from the West
They Magyars were another group of savages that took what they wanted. Starting off and the Eastern part. They'd eventually make their way over to the west taking over isolated villages.
They wouldn't inhabit these villages though. They would take them over then enslave the people there. after which, they would sell these people for resources and money.
The Muslims were another issue. Starting their venture into North Africa to what is now Italy and Spain. Their plan was to head up into Europe by the 900s and plant their feet there. Since they were expert Seafarers they could easily attack coastal cities. Which they did.
Because of all the attacked from all three of these people. Everyone in Western Europe was in fear for their safety. Kings couldn't protect their land and people from invasion. So, kingdoms collapsed and people looked for local rulers instead.
https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/vikings-history
How did geography play a role in ending Viking attacks in Europe?
Yes, it had played a huge part in why the Viking did what they did. Living in Scandinavia was a difficult thing. So, seeking other land and resources was necessary for survival. Which is exactly why the Viking did this, along with the fact they were Norsemen of the Germanic people.
The Magyars took captives rather than settling land. What advantages did this approach have?
It meant that they could keep moving forward and make money as they went. Spending it on their own land and getting new supplies. As defending land was difficult. So, they would instead take what they wanted and leave. This rids you of worrying about attacks or invasions, and keeps your land small.
A New Social Order : Feudalism
In what way might a lord also be a vassal?
he is also giving out part of "his" land in exchange for people to protect him and to perform services for him
The Feudal Pyramid
The structure is a lot like a pyramid
The top was the king
Then the vassals or landowners like nobles and bishops
Underneath the vassals were Knights. Knights were horsemen who pledged to defend their lords land in exchange for fiefs.
The base of the pyramid was the peasants who had no land to contribute or resources to exchange
How did feudalism compare to the Aryan caste system?
Both had different classes and the lowest class is treated badly in both the Caste and Feudal systems. The Caste system was based on Hinduism while the Feudal system followed the Roman Catholic Church.
Social Classes Are Well Defined
Status determined a person's prestige & power
Medieval writers put people into 3 groups; those who fought(nobles & knights), those who prayed (men & women of the church), those who worked(the peasants)
Social class was usually inherited
Most peasants were serfs or people who couldn't legally leave the place they were born. Bound to the land, though they were no slaves and their lords couldn't buy or sell them. Although what they produced was the lords.
Conflict
911- Rollo, head of Viking Army, had been searching for the Seine River for years, Charles the Simple of France held little power. Charles granted the Viking leader some French territory known as Northmen's Land or Normandy in return Rollo pledged loyalty to Kind of France.
What is feudalism?
A dominant social system in Medieval Europe, serfs worked & fought for nobles in exchange for protection and use of land
Government Systems
Feudalism Structures Society
From 850-950 this system of governing and landholding emerged all over Europe.
A similar system in China under the Zhou Dynasty ruled around the 11th century to 256 BC.
The feudal system was based on rights and obligations. In exchange for protection and other services.
A lord/landowner grants an area of land called a fief, the receiving person is called a vassal. Feudalism depends on the control of land
Vassal
