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Feudalism and Manorialism - Coggle Diagram
Feudalism and Manorialism
A New Social Order: Feudalism
In 911 two former enemies faced each other in peace ceremony Rollo head Viking Army. Charles the Simple was the king of France
Worst years of invaders' were roughly from 850 to 950
The system of governing and landholding - Feudalism
Based on rights and obligations
Exchange for military protection a lord or landowner granted an area of land called a fief
A fief was called a vassal Charles the Simple, the lord, and Rollo, the vassal showed how this two-sided bargain worked
In what way might a lord also be a vassal?
The lord is one that can own and rent land other lords
SImular system existed in China unde the Zhou Dynasty
The structure of feudal society was much like a pyramid
Peak was the King
Wealthy landowners such as nobles and bishops
Knights - who were mounted horsemen pledged to defend their lord's lands in exchange for fiefs
Landless peasants who toiled in the fields
How did Feudalism compare to the Aryan caste system?
Both had four main social classes.
Priest 2. Lords and Kings 3. Merchants 4. Hired hands and servants
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In the feudal system, status determined a person's prestige and power
Social Class was usually inherited
Those who fought
Those who prayed
Those who worked
Middle Ages, the vast majority of poeple were peasants
Serfs - were people who could not lawfully leave the place they were born
Not slaves, but worked for the lord
Northmen's Land or Normandy
Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism
Lords
Manors were the lords' estates.
Serfs were basically peasants that were attached to the land and were not allowed to travel freely
Serfs accepted their place in life from the teachings of the Church
How did religion support the feudal system?
Religion supported the feudal system because Christians believed god decided a person place in society
Serfs, like most Christians during this time, believed God decided a person's place in society
Was the distinction between serfs and slaves important?
Yes, because slaves were owed by other people and serfs were bound to land
Serfs vs. Slaves
They were provided food, shelter and protection in exchange for labor
A serf can NOT raise in ranks to become a lord
Serfs were loyal to lords or a noble
Serfs
Life was basically work and more work
Their days revolved around raising crops and livestock and taking care of the home and family
As soon as children are old enough they are put to work in fields
Peasants, both free and serf, owed their lords certain duties, which included a few days of labor a week and a certain amount of their grain
Peasant women shared the farm work with their husbands
Peasants rarely traveled more than 25 miles from their manor
Serfs and peasants raised/ produced nearly everything that they and their lord needed to survive
Crops, milk and cheese, fuel, cloth, leather goods, and lumber.
grains; wheat, rye, barley, and oats
vegetables; peas, beans, onions, and beets
The only outside purchases were salt, iron, and other unusual objects such as millstones
Manors usually covered only a few square miles of land
A manor normally consisted of the lords manor house, a church, and workshops.
15 to 30 families lived in the village on the manor
Fields, pastures, and woodlands surrounded the village
Sometimes a manor would have streams and ponds with fish in them
Prices
Peasants paid high prices to live on a lord's land.
They paid taxes on all of the grain ground in the lord's mill
If anyone attempted to escape taxes by baking bread somewhere else it was a crime
The lord had to give consent to anyone who wished to get married and they also had to pay taxes on marriage
The peasants in the village also owed the village priest a tithe/ church tax which was 1/10 of their income
Housing
Peasants lived in crowded houses that had 1 to 2 rooms.
One room was the main room for cooking, eating and other household activities
To warm their dirt floor houses they brought pigs in
They slept huddled on a pile of straw that often crawled with insects
Their diet consisted of vegetables, coarse brown bread, grain, cheese and soup
Government Systems
Innovation
One of the areas where independent thought occurred in manor life was engineering and invention
Horses
The metal horseshoe was invented
A new horse harness was made, one better than the Romans'
Tools
People invented new tools for farmers
The pitchfork was used for the first time to turn over plowed earth.
This type of original thought was kept alive by this thinking
This eventually led to the Scientific Revolution
Change
Invaders attack Western Europe
800 to 1000, invasions destroyed the Carolingian Empire.
Muslim invaders took over Sicily and raided Italy.
Magyar invaders struck from the East, the Huns and Avars terrorized Germany and Italy.
Invasion
The Vikings set sail from Scandinavia
They worshiped warlike gods and took pride
in nicknames like Eric Bloodaxe and Thorfinn Skullsplitter.
Vikings carried out their raids with terrifying speed. They beached their ships, struck quickly, and then moved out to sea again.
A ship might weigh 20 tons when fully loaded, yet it could still sail in a mere 3 feet of water.
Vikings were also traders, farmers, and explorers. They ventured far beyond Western Europe
A Viking explorer named Leif (leef) Ericson reached North America around 1000, almost 500 years before Columbus.
Viking reign of terror started fading around the same time.
2 more items...
Background on the Vikings
Magyars and Muslims attack from the East and South
As Viking invasions started to slow down, a group of nomadic people called the Magyars started attacking from the east
They attacked isolated villages and monasteries
The Magyars did not settle conquered land, instead they took captives to sell slaves
The Magyars took captives rather than settling land. What advantages did this approach have?
Answer: They took captives to sell slaves, and them not settling allowed them to keep their nomadic lifestyle
Muslims attacked from the South
They began their encroachments from their strong holds in North Africa, invading through present-day Italy and Spain
Muslim's plan was to conquer and settle in Europe, in the 600s and 700s
Where the Magyars came from
Change
The invasions from the Magyars, Muslims, and Vikings caused widespread suffering
Kings could not effectively defend their lands
As a result people no longer looked to a central ruler for security
Instead they turned to local rulers who had their own armies. Any leader who could fight the invaders gained followers and political strength