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Feudalism and Manorialism, hi :flushed: - Coggle Diagram
Feudalism and Manorialism
Vikings Invade from North
From 800 to 1000, invasions destroyed the Carolingian Empire.
Conquest
From the north came the fearsome Vikings.
Vikings were also called Northmen or Norsemen.
They were Germanic people.
https://www.jorvikvikingcentre.co.uk/the-vikings/where-did-they-come-from/
They worshiped warlike gods
The Vikings carried out their raids with fast speed.
The had swords and heavy wooden shields, and helmets
They would beached their ships, struck quickly, and then moved out to sea again.
They were gone before locals could mount a defense
Viking warships
The largest long ships held 300 warriors
Took turns rowing the ship’s 72 oars
Often ending with the carved head of a sea monster
A ship might weigh 20 tons
https://www.worldhistory.org/Viking_Ships/
They ventured far beyond western Europe.
Vikings journeyed down rivers into:
Russia
Constantinople
They even crossed the icy waters of the North Atlantic
A Viking explorer named Leif Ericson reached North America around 1000
At the same time, the Viking reign of terror in Europe faded away
As Vikings gradually accepted Christianity on their journey, they stopped raiding monasteries
How did geography play a role in ending Viking attacks in Europe?
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https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/leif-eriksson
The Vikings were warriors, traders, farmers, and explorers
Set sail from Scandinavia, a wintry, wooded region in Northern Europe.
Europe became the target
The Magyars
A group of nomadic people
Attacked from the east, from what is now Hungary
Superb horsemen
They invaded western Europe in the late 800s
They attacked isolated villages and monasteries
They overran northern Italy and reached the far west
The Magyars did not settle conquered land. Instead, they took captives to sell as slaves
What advantages did this approach have?
Magyars, and Muslims caused widespread disorder and suffering and Kings could not effectively defend their lands from invasion
As a result, people no longer looked to a central ruler for security. Instead, many turned to local rulers
Any leader who could fight the invaders gained political strength.
Religion
The Muslims
Invading through what are now Italy and Spain
In the 600s and 700s, the Muslim plan was to conquer and settle in Europe
By the 800s and 900s, their goal was also to plunder
They were able to attack settlements on the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts.
Struck from the south
A New Social Order: Feudalism
Government Systems
Feudalism
Social Classes
The Feudal Pyramid
Lords
Vassal
The person receiving the fief from the lord was called a vassal
A Lord was a person who owned a section of land known as a fief
In what way might a lord also be a vassal?
a lord would be a vassal if the land they have belonged to another lord before them
Kings
Kings were the top power in the feudalistic system.
Knights
Knights were horsemen who pledged to the Lords for their fiefs
Serfs
Serfs were people who were not legally allowed to leave the place they were born, and everything they produce belongs to their lords. The difference between Serfs and Slaves was that Lords could not sell or buy Serfs.
Feudalism was a political system, or institution, in which nobles were granted the use of land that legally belonged to the king. In return, the nobles agreed to give their loyalty and military service to the king. Feudalism developed not only in Europe but also in countries like Japan.
Aryan caste system
The Aryan caste system was an early Indian tradition which involved different groups of people having different jobs.
How did Feudalism compare to the Aryan caste system?
Both systems involve different classes of people (Kings and Nobles, and Brahmana and Kshatrya) serving as different social classes, in which they can have different lifestyles.
Aryan Caste System
Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism
Was the lord's estate
The manor was the basic economic arrangement. The system rested on a set of rights and obligations between a lord and his serfs. The lord provided serfs with housing, farmland, and protection from bandits
In return, serfs took care of everything that lord had like his land, animals, and other tasks to maintain the estate. Even though private property wasn't a legal distinction yet, the manor system built the idea that land was power
All peasants owed the lord certain duties that included at least a few days of labor each week and also some of their grain as well. Peasant women worked with their husbands
A Self-Contained World
Peasants usually didn't travel more than 25 miles from their own manor. By standing in the center of the field, they could see their entire world.
A manor usually covered a few square miles of land.
It typically consisted of these three:
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Was the distinction between serfs and slaves important?
The difference between them was very important because serfs recieved housing, farm land, and other goods in exchange of taking care of the things of the lord, while the slaves had to do everything for the kings, but didn't get nothing back like the serfs did
New Tools for Farmers
One are where independent thought occured in manor life was engineering and invention for use on farms. people invented new tools for farmers.
During this time the metal horseshoe was invented, new type of horse harness was used and it was better than what the Romans had. The pitchfork was used for the first time to turn over plowed Earth.
This type of thinking kept alive original thought which then lead to the Sientific Revolution
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The Harshness of Manor Life
For the privilage of living on the lord's land, peasants paid a high price. They paid tax on all grain and also on marriage. If peasants tried to avoid paying taxes by baking bread elsewhere, it would be considered a crime.
Weddings could only take place if the lord knew about it. After all of the payments to the lord were done, peasant families still owed the village priest a tiethe, or church tax.
Serfs lived in crowded cottages, close to their neighbors. These cottages only one or two rooms. If it had two rooms, the main room would be used for cooking and main activities and the other one was the family bedroom.
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A tithe was one-tenth of peasant's income if they were planning to have a wedding
For most Serfs, both men and women, life was work and even more work. Their days revoved around raising crops and livestock, and taking care of home and family
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