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THE POLITHICS OF THE ANCIENT REGIME 1 - Coggle Diagram
THE POLITHICS OF THE ANCIENT REGIME 1
the polithics of the ancient regime
absolute monarchy in the 17th century
in western europe
who was the model?
Louis XlV of france (1646-1715)
controlled the government and intervened in the economy
introducing protectionist measures
Spain's power began to decline during the 17th-century
reigns of the Lesser Hapsburgs (Felipe III, Felipe IV and Carlos II)
cause of this decline was Spain's defeat in the Thirty Years' War
led to significant territorial losses
Parliamentary monarchy in England
Charles I faced opposition from Parliament
civil war between
the supporters of the king
the supporters of Parliament
Charles I
in 1649
republic was established
under the control of Parliamentarian commander
Oliver Cromwell
Cromwell's death
absolute monarchy to charles ll
1688
tensions between
James II
Parliament
Parliament offered the throne to William of Orange
swore to uphold the Bill of Rights
parliamentary monarchy
monarch's powers were limited by Parliament
In 1707
parliaments of England and Scotland signed a series of agreements
unified the two countries
known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain
upper chamber
House of Lords
lower chamber
House of Commons
what hapend?
Humanism developed
bourgeoisie became wealthier and more powerful
European monarchs became more powerful
New forms of skilled craftsmanship and increased trade
the economy and society of the ancient regime
characteristics
the dominance of the guilds
associations of craftsmen in the same trade
regulated aspects such as working hours, prices, wages and tools
domestic trade
foreign trade
was expanding due to the discovery of America
the establishment of new sea routes to Asian markets
traditional agriculture
people farmed to meet their own needs
used outdated techniques and tools
During the 17th century
Europe's absolute monarchs
imposed a new economic system called mercantilism
protectionist policies
limited imports and encouraged exports
economic crisis in Spain
because American markets had stopped buying Spanish products
The nobility and the clergy did not pay tax
The Third Estate had to pay tax
3 classes
bourgeoisie
petite bourgeoisie
peasantry and day labourers
philosophy, science and art in the ancien regime
Rationalism and empiricism
French philosopher Descartes (1596–1650) founded modern rationalism
advocates of empiricism, such as Locke (1632–1704)
Hume (1711–1776)
scientific method
led to significant scientific developments in the 17th and 18th centuries
scientific method
Physics
in 1643 Evangelista Torricell
invented the barometer to measure atmospheric pressure
In 1666 Isaac Newton
used the scientific method to formulate the law of universal gravitation
Medicine and biology
in 1674 Anton Leeuwenhoek
perfected the microscope
Astronomy
in 1609 Galileo Galilei
used the telescope to prove the heliocentric theory
Mathematics
in 1642 Blaise Pascal
invented the first mechanical calculator
baroque art
popular in Europe during the 17th and early 18th centuries
Sculpture
human figures were sculpted in dynamic poses
Architecture
buildings often had oval floor plans and curved façades
Painting
paintings were usually large and colourful
In Protestant countries
two particular characteristics
Smaller paintings were common in wealthy bourgeois homes
Protestants did not decorate their churches with sculptures or paintings
In Spain
known as the Golden Age
In architecture
the ornate style of Salamanca's Plaza Mayor is a particular highlight
Sculpture
became an important part of the Holy-Week processions
Paintings
usually depicted the same subjects as in other Catholic countries