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The Ancien Régime, image, image, image, image, image, image, image, image,…

- - - - a republic was established (Parliamentarian commander Oliver Cromwell)
      - After Cromwell's death
        
        the absolute monarchy was re-established under Charles II
        
        followed by James II
    - - tensions between Parliament and James II
      - Parliament offered the throne to William of Orange
      - Bill of Rights
        
        a document written by Parliament which became the precedent for similar documents in other countries
    - - civil war
        
        and the supporters of Parliament (Parliamentarians)
        
        between the supporters of the king (Royalists)
      - he tried to rule as an absolute monarch
      - Charles I was defeated and executed
    - - United Kingdom of Great Britain (England + Scotland)
    - - House of Lords
        
        The upper chamber
        
        Nobility and clergy
      - House of Commons
        
        The lower chamber
        
        The rest of the population
        
        its members were wealthy men (bankers, merchants)
  - - - he did not call the Estates General, it would not be able to limit his power
      - He controlled the government and intervened in the economy, introducing protectionist measures
  - - - Felipe IV
      - Carlos II
      - Felipe III
    - - territorial losses, including that of the United Provinces.
      - Spain's defeat in the Thirty Years' War