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Allergic Reaction Emergencies - Coggle Diagram
Allergic Reaction Emergencies
Causes
Exposure to a particular allergen
Contact Dermatitis
Substance Allergies
Soy, eggs, milk, fish, wheat, shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts
Drug Allergies
Penicillin, Sulfa drugs
Administering Epi
Child
0.25mg Epinephrine; up to 3 increments
Epi Reaction
Affects the SNS
Rapid elevation in BP
Dilates pupils, inhibits flow of saliva, accelerates heartbeat, dilates bronchi, inhibits peristalsis/secretion, conversion of glycogen to glucose, secretion of adrenaline and noradrenalin, inhibits bladder contraction
Treatment
Admin O2 if stats below 90
Monitor vitals
Position Pt for comfort
Reassure pt & activate EMS if any other signs don't return to normal
Adult
0.3mg increments until symptoms cease
Symptoms Mild-Mod
Urticaria (hives), Pruritus (itching), angioedema, erythema
Crams, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, incontinence
Dyspnea, wheezing, flushing, perspiration
Pallor, light-headed, palpitations, tachycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrest
Treatment Mild
Admin O2 if sat is below 90
1-6 L/min w/ canula
<15 with mask
Monitor Vitals
Position pt for comfort (upright)
Reassure pt & activate EMS if other signs don't improve
Benadryl (25mg capsule or oral solution)
Signs of Improvement
Symptoms go away, vitals normalize
Signs of deterioration
Vitals do not normalize, symptoms worsen, pt unconscious
Symptoms Anaphylaxis
Angioedema, further itching of nose/hands, flushed face
Labored breathing, stridor (upper airway), couching, cyanosis, asphyxia (respiratory arrest)
Angioedema of tongue or oropharynx
Sudden hypotension, loss of consciousness
Most Common
Type I
Immediate anaphylaxis
Generalized (systemic) anaphylaxis
Localized
Urticaria
Bronchial Asthma
Food allergy
Type IV
Contact dermatitis
Delayed response
Treatment Anaphylaxis
Recumbant (lying down)
Monitor pulse & BP
Maintain open airway/admin O2
Call EMS
Admin Epi
0.3mg, readmin if needed