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Psychology - Aims and Hypothesis - Coggle Diagram
Psychology - Aims and Hypothesis
Aims
The aim is the statement of the study’s purpose.
Straightforward expression of what the researcher is trying o find out from conducting an investigation.
Broader and less precise than the hypothesis
E.g. Bowbly (1944) investigated the long term effects of maternal deprivation.
Hypothesis
Testable and predictable statement often generated from a theory.
The hypothesis either states a predicted difference between the Independent and Dependent Variable of a similarity between a predicted and independent variable.
REMEMBER YOU USE THE TERM DIFFERENCE FOR EXPERIMENTS AND RELATIONSHIP FOR CORRELATIONS!!!
Operationalising a Hypothesis
There will be a difference in the time taken to run 100m
in seconds
when listening to music or not
Aim examples:
For experiments: The aim of the experiment is to find out whether (insert DV) changes when you (manipulate IV)
For correlations: The aim of the correlation is to see if there is a relationship between the two co-variables (state two co variables).
For self reports: you need to state what the self report is trying to find out (questionnaire/interview).
For observations: you need to state what they are trying to do which is to observe the behaviour of participants in a particular environment.
Types of hypothesis
Alternate (experimental) hypothesis: This is a hypothesis that states that there will be a difference/relationship.
There will be a significant difference in the number of everyday objects remembered after 8 hours of sleep than after 4 hours of sleep
Null hypothesis
This is a hypothesis that states that there will not be a difference/relationship.
There will be no significant difference in the...
Directional/non-directional
Directional (one-tailed)
States a direction (remember if a fish has one tail it can only swim in a particular direction. It says what IV condition will have a bigger effect on the DV.
More, less, better worse etc.
Non-Directional (two tailed)
Does not state a direction (remember if a fish with two tails would struggle to swim in any direction). It says that there will be a difference but does not say what IV condition will cause the biggest effect.
Operationalising variables in hypothesis
IV- states what two IV conditions are. DV - states specifically how you measure the DV
E.g. There will be a significant difference in the time taken to run 100m (
in seconds
) when music is played during a run and when music is not played during a run.
Sentence starters
There will (not) be a significant difference between...
Key Terms
Variable - Any 'thing' that can vary/ change in your experiment
Independent variable - The thing that we change in our experiment
Dependent variable - The thing that we measure in the experiment