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Operations, Operations Strategies, Influences, Strategic Role of…

- - - - Process that allows a a standard mass produced item to be personally modified to specific customer requirements
- - - - Transportation
      - Use of Storage (warehousing(
      - Materials handling
      - Packaging
    - - Business conducted on the internet
      - Transaction of goods and services through transfer of funds
    - - Operations strategy where a business will acquires inputs it needs for production across the boarders of number of countries
- - - - Simplification
      - Efficiency and Cost Savings
      - Increase Process Capability
      - Increased Accountability
      - Access to skills and resources lacking within the business
      - Able to focus on core business
    - - Disadvantage
        
        Payback period and cost
        
        Communication and Language
        
        Loss of control of standards and information security
        
        Loss of Domestic Employment
        
        Loss of Corporate Memory
- - - - Most advanced or innovative at any point of time
      - Risks:
        
        Competent technical support might not be readily available
        
        Technology may not be fully developed
    - - Technology that is developed and widely used
      - Simply accepted without question
- - - - Advantage
        
        Consumers demands can be met
        
        Alternatives can be offered
        
        Buying products in bulk can reduce costs
      - Disadvantages
        
        Cost of holding stock
        
        Invested capital, labour and energy can't be used elsewehre
        
        Cost of Obsolescence
    - - Since last inventories are more expensive
        LIFO makes profit seem lower
    - - FIFO normal cheaper, shows higher profit
    - - Exact amount of inputs will arrive only as they are needed in the operations process
- - - - Reliability
      - Safety
      - Fitness of purpose
      - Consistency
  - - - Ongoing Commitment to improve business goods/services
      - Inclusion of staff
        
        Suggestions
        
        Initiatives
    - - Managing total business to deliver quality to customers
      - Commitment + responsibility of every employee of the business
- - - - Staff
      - Application of Technology
      - Innovation
    - - Legislative/regulation change
      - Economic Changes
      - Social Changes
      - Technological Changes
  - - - Since change is needed
        
        New skills are needed
        
        Giving insecurity and inadequacy to senior citizens
      - Psychological resistance to change
    - - Respected workers who can motivate change
    - - Unfreezing -> change - > freezing
- - - - Manufacturing at the cheapest
      - Financing from low interest rate costs
      - Distributing to demanding nations
  - - - Benefits
        
        Cost
        
        New Technology
        
        Expertise/Labour Specialisation
        
        Operate over extended hours
      - Challenges
        
        :arrow_up: costs of logistics and storage and distribution
        
        Managing different regulations
        
        :arrow_up: complexity
        
        Financing
        
        Contracting
  - - - Cost advantage by producing on a large scale
    - - :arrow_up: volumes
        :arrow_down: cost
      - :arrow_up: use of technology
      - Global branding and global advertising
      - :arrow_up: cost of duplication (marketing)
      - HR
        
        Training and Development Strategies Globally
- - - - Quality of Design
      - Fitness for Purpose
    - - Professionalism of the service provider
      - Reliability of the service provider
      - Level of Customisation
- - - - Legal Compliance
        
        Obeying Laws
      - Ethical Responsibility
        
        Socially and Morally Responsible Decisions
      - Legal vs Ethical
        
        Legal
        
        Taxation
        
        Labour Law
        
        Ethical
        
        Social Concerns
        
        Environmental Concerns
      - Onshore Sourcing
        
        Domestic Outsourcing
      - Offshore Sourcing
        
        Overseas outsourcing with there is :arrow_down: taxation
        
        Labour and cheaper
    - - Environmental Sustainability
        
        Conserving resource for future generations
      - Social Responsibility
        
        Management of:
        
        Social
        
        Environmental
        
        Political
        
        Human Consequences of its actions
- - - - The good
      - Quality
      - Additional Features
    - - Time Spent
      - Amount of Expertise
      - Qualifications
- - - - Cost or expenses
      - Revenue or income
- - - - Doctor
    - - Fast food
  - - - Used for more transformation
    - - Varied according to customers
    - - Mass produced, usually in assembly line
- - - - Being able to purchase :arrow_down: cost per unit
      - Cost advantage that can be created as a result of an increase in scale of business operations
- - - - Inputs that are changed or converted
    - - Raw
        
        Natural State
      - Intermediate
        
        Materials used in further processing
    - - Definition
        
        Knowledge gained from:
        
        Research
        
        Investigation
        
        Instruction
      - External Info
        
        Market Reports
        
        Statistics from Industry Observers
        
        Industry Bodies
        
        Government Stats from ABS
      - Internal Info
        
        Within Financial Reports
        
        Quality Reports
        
        Key Performance Indicators
    - - Due to customers orientation, production process uses customer's preferences and interests, therefore their designs and preference act as a transformed resource
  - - - Resources that cause the change in transformed resource
    - - Employees that combine the resources
    - - Plant
      - Factory
      - Office
      - Machinery
  - - - Volume
        
        Refers to how much of a product is made
        
        Lead times is the time it takes for an order to be fulfilled from the amount it is made
      - Variety
        
        Or mix flexibility is known by consumers as product range or variety of choice
      - Variation in Demand
        
        How processes can respond to changing demand
        
        :arrow_up: demand may be hard to meet
        
        Supplies cannot supply
        
        Labour is not flexible
        
        Machinery cannot adjust
      - Visibility
        
        Customer Contact/ Feedback
        
        Surveys
        
        Interviews
        
        Warranty Claims
        
        Letters
        
        Wikis
        
        Blogs
        
        Verbal Contact
    - - Definition
        
        Sequencing refers to the length of time activities take within the operations processes
        
        Sequencing refers to the order in which activities in the operations processes occur
      - Gantt Charts
        
        A bar chart showing both scheduled and completed work over a period of time
        
        Planning and Tracking
      - Critical Path Analysis
        
        CPA lists all the key tasks in operations porcess as a sequence
        
        Includes time needed and task
      - Technology
        
        Business technology involves the use of machinery and systems that enable businesses to undertake the transformation process more effectively
      - Task Design
        
        Breaking down the work into a series of jobs in which contributes to the final goal
      - Process Layout
        
        Arrangement of transforming resources such that they are grouped by the function
      - Monitoring (measuring)
        
        Measuring actual performance against planned performance
        
        Measure KPIs
      - Control
        
        Occurs when KPI's are assessed against predetermined targets and corrective action taken if required
      - Improvement
        
        Systematic reduction of inefficiencies and wastage
        
        Work processes and the elimination of any bottlenecks (setbacks)
- - - - controlling