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Acute Heart Failure Topic: Perfusion - Coggle Diagram
Acute Heart Failure Topic: Perfusion
Labs
BNP
LFT
ABG
CBC
ECG
Chest radiograph
Treatments
DASH diet
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
Fluid restrictions
Fowler's position
Apply anti-embolism stockings
Monitor vitals and I's and O's
Administer oxygen and medications as ordered
Pathophysiology
Myocardial injury, such as an infarction, disrupts proper contraction of one or both of the ventricles.
The decreased cardiac output triggers the SNS in the body, more epi, NE, and vasopressin are released, causing vasoconstriction
The heart then has to work harder to pump blood to the rest of the body, this cycle continues and leads to more and more myocardial cell death.
RAAS activation leads to increased water and salt retention, which leads to an increased preload on the heart. The heart needs to work harder to pump which also leads to decreased CO.
Clinical manifestations
Pink, frothy sputum
Cyanosis
Tachycardia
Peripheral edema
Jugular vein distension
Crackles in the lungs
Decreased UO
Diaphoresis
Complications
Death
Pulmonary edema
Organ failure
Hypoxia
Pulmonary hypertension
Risk factors
CAD
Hypertension
MI
Diabetes
Alcohol, smoking
High sodium/cholesterol diet
Obesity