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Acute Myocardial Infarction (Topic: Perfusion) - Coggle Diagram
Acute Myocardial Infarction (Topic: Perfusion)
Pathophysiology
An atherosclerotic plaque creates an occlusion in one or more of the coronary arteries.
The ischemia that occurs as a result leads to cardiac muscle cell death, apoptosis and angina.
The damage results in scarring of the cardiac tissue, which leads to decreased contractility, decreased stroke volume, decreased conductivity, and decreased elasticity of the heart.
Complications
Death
Cardiac Tamponade
Pulmonary edema
Heart failure
Pericarditis
Aneurysm
Acute Kidney Injury
Arrhythmias
Clinical Manifestations
Anxiety
Angina
Restlessness
Jugular Vein Distension
Tachycardia
Also possibly bradycardia
Hypertension
Also possibly hypotension
Delayed capillary refill
Sensation of "impending doom"
Labs
12 Lead ECG!!
Troponin level test
Creatinine Kinase MB
Myoglobin test
Chest X-ray
Risk factors for AMI
Diabetes
Hypertension
Obesity
Family history of coronary artery disease
Sedentary lifestyle
Diet
Smoking
Elevated triglycerides and lipids
Age
Treatments
Fibrinolytics
Medication administration: nitro, aspirin, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, antiplatelets.
Oxygen
Pericardiocentesis
Frequent monitoring of ECG, vitals, pain, heart and breath sounds.