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Cells - Coggle Diagram
Cells
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Cell division
As an adult, we are made up of 37 trillions cells. To produce these cells, the fertilised eggs need to undergo cell division.
Chromosomes
As we grow, the cells produced by cell division must all contain the genetic information. The genetic information of all organisms is contained in chromosomes, made of DNA. The DNA in resting cells is found in the nucleus as long thin strands. For cell division, these strands form condensed chromosomes. Human body cells have 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs. Each chromosome in a pair has the same type of genes along its length.
Mitosis
New cells have to be produced for growth and development, and to replace worn out and damaged body cells.
When new cells are produced they must be identical to the parent cell. Cells divide to produce two new ones. This type of cell division is called mitosis. Two daughter cells produced are produced from the parent cell.
For some cell types, new cells are produced by the division of stem cells. So that the daughter cells produced are identical to the parent cell, the DNA must first copy itself. Each of the 46 chromosomes then consist of two molecules of DNA.
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The cell cycle
A cell that is actively dividing goes through a series of stages called the cell cycle. The cycle involves the growth of the cell and the production of new cell components and division
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Temporary cell resting period, or the cell no longer divides e.g. a nerve cell
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Diffusion
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles/atoms from an area of high concentration. Diffusion happens in both solutions and gases because in both the particles are able to move freely. It is an example of passive movement, which means no additional energy is required
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Uses of diffusion
Diffusion is used for moving nutrients in and out of the blood so they make it where they need to be to keep our body functioning.
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Osmosis
Definition
Movement of water molecules from high to low concentration through a partially permeable membrane. It is a passive process because it requires no energy
It can also be said it is moving from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
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