Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Vincent Peek Vallejo Anatomy and Physiology Period 1 Integumentary -…
Vincent Peek Vallejo Anatomy and Physiology Period 1 Integumentary
Major functions of the skin
Cutaneous sensations
Gives the feeling of touch
Metabolic functions
Synthesizes vitamin D
Disarms some carcinogens
Prevents skin wrinkles
Body Temp. Regulation
Hot enviornment
dilation of dermal vessels can increase sweat gland activity to produce 12 L
Cold environment
Skin temperature drops to slow passive heat loss
Blood reservoir
Skin can hold up to 5% of the body’s total blood volume
Can be constricted to shunt blood to other organs
Protection
Biological Barrier
Chemical barrier
Physical Barrier
Excretion of wastes
Sweating can cause salt and water loss
Layers of the skin (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis) and all the structures within each layer
Epidermis
Types of cells
Tactile(Merkel) cells
Dendritic(Langerhans) cells
Melanocytes
Keratinocytes
Layers
Stratum granulosum
Four to six flattened cells thick
Cells above this layer die
Stratum lucidum
Only found in thick skin
Consists of dead keratinocytes
Stratum spinosum
Several cell layers thick
Keratinocytes in this layer appear spikey
Stratum corneum
20–30 rows of flat keratinized dead cells
Three-quarters of epidermal thickness
Stratum basale
Deepest Layer
Attached to Dermis
Creates cells
Dermis
Reticular
Consists of 80% of Dermal thickness
Has coarse dense and fibrous tissue
Papillary
Superficial layer of areolar connective tissue consisting of loose, interlacing collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels
Contains Dermal papillae which give you your fingerprints
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous layer deep to skin
Not part of the skin
Sticks the skin to muscles
Skin cancer and the ABCDE rule
ABCDE rule
C
color; contains several colors (black, brown, tan, sometimes red or blue)
D
diameter; larger than 6 mm (size of pencil eraser)
B
border irregularity; exhibits indentations
A
asymmetry; the two sides of the pigmented area do not match
Skin cancer types
Squamous cell carcinoma
Second most common type
Appears scaly and can be found on the ears, hands and lower lip
Melanoma
Following the ABCD rule is a guide to survival
Very dangerous because it is resistant to chemo-thearpy
Basal cell carcinoma
Cured by surgical excision in 99% of cases
Most common and least dangerous
Degrees of Burns and the Rules of Nines
Rule of Nines
The body is separated into sections with each equaling nine percent
First-degree
Epidermal damage only
Second-degree
Epidermal and upper dermal damage
Blisters appear
Third-degree
Skin color turns gray-white, cherry red, or blackened
Skin grafting is needed
All parts of skin is damaged