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Topic 1 - Coggle Diagram
Topic 1
Lesson 9: Group 7
Known as the halogens
Properties
Toxic
Each has a distinct colour, darker as you go down
Poor conductors
Low melting and boiling point
Very reactive
Uses
Bromine
Water purification
Photographic film
Iodine
Starch test
Photographic film
Fluorine
Drinking water
Toothpaste
Chlorine
Kill bacteria in water
Antiseptic
Trends
As you go down the group...
... lower reactivity, harder to gain an electrons as outer shell further from the nucleus
...higher melting point
lower boiling point
Lesson 3: Atoms
Parts of an atom
Electron
Shell
Very small
-1
Neutron
Nucleus
1
Neutral
Proton
Nucleus
1
+1
Particle
Position
Mass
Charge
Isotopes
Atoms with the same numbers of atoms but different number of neutrons
Lesson 4: Atomic structure
How are electrons arranged
First shell (period 1) up to 2 electrons
Second shell (period 2) up to 8 electrons
Occupy the lowest energy levels (shells closest to nucleus first
Third shell (period 3) up to 8 electrons
Link to arrangement of the Periodic Table
Period
Number of shells with electrons
Group
Number of electrons in the outer shell
Elements in the Periodic Table are ordered by their periodic number
Lesson 5: History of the Periodic table
Timeline
Mendeleev's periodic table
Arranged by mixture of atomic weight and reactivity
Gaps left for undiscovered elements
Modern periodic table
Arranged by atomic number
Original Periodic Table
Arranged by either atomic weight or reactivity
Exam Questions
Why did Mendeleev reverse Tellurium and Iodine
Because their properties suited their group better if they were swapped
Why was Mendeleev's periodic table more accepted than previous versions
It took into account missing elements
It took into account both atomic weight and periodic number
It could be used to predict undiscovered elements and their properties
Lesson 6: Metals and Non-Metals
Metals
Form positive ions, because they lose electrons
Are alkaline
Non-Metals
Form negative ions, because they gain electrons
Are acidic
Lesson 7: Electronic config + group 0
Changing electron configerations
3 things can happen during reactions
Outer electrons are accepted from other atoms to form ions
Outer electrons are shared to form molecules
Outer electrons are transferred to other atoms to form ions
Group 0
Trends: As you go down the group...
... increase in boiling point
... increase in density
Uses
Helium in MRI scanners and airships
Neon and Argon in lights
Argon in welding, and filling gaps between double-glazed windows
Helium and neon in bar-code scanner
Properties
All unreactive due to full outer shell
All gases at room temperature
Known as noble gases
Lesson 1: Elements, formulas, formulas and equations
Definitions
Element
Something that has only one type of atom
Carbon
Molecule
One or more atoms (any type) chemically bonded together
O2
Compound
2 or more different atoms chemically bonded together
Water
Mixture
2 or more different atoms not chemically bonded together
Air
Lesson 2: Mixtures
Seperating mixtures
Crystallisation
Separates soluble compounds from a solution
Filtration
Separates solids from liquids
Distillation
Separates 2 liquids based on boiling points
Chromatography
Separates different coloured inks
Lesson 8: Group 1
Increase in reactivity as you go down
Lesson 10: Transition metals
Properties
Coloured compounds
Form ions of different charges
Malleable
High melting points
Exception of Mercury
Catalysts