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ENGINEERING SURVEYING, LEVELLING, PROPOSED LAND RECLAMATION PROJECT -…
ENGINEERING SURVEYING
EARTHWORK
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Method used:
Volume of spot heights
(Area grid/4 (∑dh appearing once +2∑ dh appearing twice+3∑ dh appearing thrice+4∑ dh appearing four times)
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DETAIL SURVEY
Determine and locate the features (both natural and man-made structures) and improvements on a parcel of land.
The survey often include data such as the elevation of the land, how high the land is above the arbitrary datum (level) or Mean Sea Level (MSL)
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PROCEDURE
1) Get the reduced level and the coordinates
2)Choose the best station (traverse station) that can observe more points.
3)Observe all points.( sp,builings,trees,lamps etc)
4)Prepare a sketch of the area to make our work much better and easier
TRAVERSE SURVEY
Open traverse: When the lines
form a circuit ends elsewhere
except starting point, it is said
to be an open traverse.
Closed traverse: When the
lines form a circuit which ends
at the starting point, it is
known as a closed traverse.
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PROCEDURE
1) Identify layout and common points
2) Traverse stations are identified and marked by wooden peg and hammer.
3) Traverse survey is carried out, distance and angle from station to station is identified.
4) Initial back bearing for face left is set as 10˚ 00’ 00’’, for face right set as 190˚ 00’ 00’’, forward bearing of every station is identified.
5) GPS is used to calculate actual coordinates of common points and all the coordinates of each station is calculated.
SETTING OUT
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PROCEDURE
1) Discuss method that need to be use
2) Making calculation
3) Drawing plan project on graph
4) Starting setting out on site
LEVELLING
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Levelling is the most accurate method in determining height which is relative to the mean sea level (MSL) and it normally referred as datum.
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PROCEDURE:
1) Site visit and planning
2) Set up the instruments and started the levelling project
3) Start with the bench mark that were given its reduce level. This can help us in confirming the reduce level of other bench mark by calculation.
4) Finished the first loop by making our way back to the starting benchmark and calculate the reduce level.
5) Calculated the misclosure and error must below than allowable misclosure before proceed to another stations.
6) After we confirm the value of reduce level, continue using the same method for other station
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