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Social Change 1933-1939 - Coggle Diagram
Social Change 1933-1939
Women
- women were viewed to have the lesser role in society
- women were excluded from political life
- 1921 a resolution banned women from leadership positions in the party
- married women were discriminated against in the workforce in favour of men
- only women over 35 and unmarried could hold a permanent position in the civil services
- The three K's (Kinder, Kuche, Kirche) children, kitchen and church
- role of women was generally confined to family life and motherhood
- girls in school were taught that their future role was one of motherhood and looking after their husband
- many women were complacent with the new societal expectations
- other women in particular those in metropolitan centres were still happy to embrace fashion and the latest western styles
- couples who were passed as genetically healthy under the Law for the Promotion of marriage were eligible for loans of 1000 marks
- one quarter of the loan was cancelled per birth of a child, childless couples or single men paid more taxes to fund this initiative
- mothers were awarded mothers crosses bronze for 4 children, silver for six children, and gold for 8+
- 1935 it was made illegal for a German to marry a Jew
kids
The Hitler Youth
- the Nazi party believed it was essential that the next generation supported the principles of the Nazi movement
- Leader of the Hitler Youth was Baldur von Schirach
- aim was to bring all German boys and young men under the Hitler Youth compulsory for all German boys aged 15-18
- by the time the war broke out in 1939, the membership of the Hitler Youth stood at 7.2 million
- over 8000 full-time and over 700,000 part-time youth leaders carried out tasks associated with it
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League of German Maidens
- the girls' equivalent of the German Young People was the "Jugendmadelbund"
- designed for girls aged 10-14
- equivalent to the Hitler Youth was the Bund Deutscher Madel (the league of German maidens) for girls 14-18
- were expected to dedicate themselves to physical fitness and prepare for their future roles as wives and mothers
- at the age of 18 they could join Faith and Beauty designed to give instruction in aspects of motherhood and were conditioned to accept the Nazi image of the role of women in society
- special emphasis on cooking and sewing and physical graces, as a preparation for marriage
education
- German youth expected to learn military virtues
- their bodies must be steeled, made hard and strong, so that the youth may become capable soldiers who are healthy, strong, trained, energetic and able to bear hardships
- gymnastics, games, sports, hiking, swimming, and military exercises must all be learned
- being trained for such important national duties must accept the idea of following the Fuhrer absolutely
- must be obedient, and can believe in and trust their own leadership and can grow to leaders themselves
- aim of education was indoctrination, it had to be controlled so it reflected traditional German values and served the purposes of the state
- boys and girls were educated separately and taught subjects that reflected what the Nazis saw as their future role in society
- girls did domestic courses, no foreign languages, and only basic mathematics and science
- the more demanding levels of science and math were taught mainly to boys
- biology received a special interest in schools and all students had to study a new subject called "Science of the Races"
- history courses were revised and textbooks were rewritten, with special emphasis on militarism and nationalism, and a study of Germany's heroic history and the rise of National Socialism
religion
- there were two main religious groups in Germany the Protestants and the Roman Catholics
- Hitler had nothing but contempt for Christianity calling it the 'Jewish Christ creed with its effeminate pity ethics'
- despite his scorn for religion, Hitler was impressed by the authority and structure of the Catholic Church
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- concordant guaranteed the rights of the RCC in Germany, and in return the church promised not to engage in political activity
- it wasnt long before the provisions of the concordant were violated, and restrictions were placed on Catholic organisations
working class
- all German trade unions had been abolished by May 1933, their assets seized, leaders imprisoned and a new organisation the German Labour Front was set up to manage both employers and the working class
- labour fronts main roles was to educate and indoctrinate the workers to accept their role in the new Germany
- working hours gradually increased and the government-restricted wage increased
- a factory worker was making 35 marks per week, well below the wage of the 1920s
- labour shortage developed particularly for skilled workers
- standard of living of the 15 million German workers slowly improved during the years 1933-1939, but not dramatically
Strength through joy
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- he calculated that the average German worker had 3740 hours of leisure time a year
- Nazis believed that this time had to be used productively and that if workers participated in organised leisure activities they would return with greater motivation to their daily work
- used money from the trade unions STJ was set up to provide activities for the workers
- many people did not receive such rewards as a cruise or a VW beetle
minority groups
Jews
- faced with severe antisemitism