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SPEECH ORGANS - Coggle Diagram
SPEECH ORGANS
Lips
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Function: The lips play a role in changing the resonance of different speech sounds. By altering the shape of our lips we can form different speech sounds. For instance, for plosive sounds such as /p/ and /b/ the lips are compressed and then opened to produce a rapid, explosive release of the breath stream.
Tongue
Characteristic: A fleshy muscular organ in the mouth of a mammal, used for tasting, licking, swallowing and (in humans) articulating speech.
Function:
- Tongue plays a strong role in determining which harmonics are accentuated, and therefore which vowel we perceive.
- Physical effects on our sound: Whenever the tongue is retracted and the muscles around the hyoid bone contract, the area around the larynx contracts, making spontaneous vibration impossible for the larynx.
- Acoustic effects: When the tongue move forward, the space behind it is big and the space in front of it become smaller. This may be an excellent acoustic combination for a variety of vocal styles.
- A high tongue hump has a huge acoustical benefit as well (shaped like a slide like for the consonant cluster ‘Nngg’=[N]). it can helps in focusing energy on the harmonics that are focused, creating more clarity to the sound.
Pharynx
Characteristic: The membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus.
Function: helps us make the initial sounds in speech, but it also works as a resonating organ.
Larynx
Characteristic: An organ in humans & animals between the nose & the lungs contains the muscles that move very quickly to create the voice or animal sounds.
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Vocal cord
Characteristic: folds of membranous tissue forming a slit across the glottis in the throat, and whose edges vibrate in the airstream to produce the voice.
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Soft palate
Characteristic: holes forming that functions during speech to separate the oral cavity (mouth) from the nose, in order to produce the oral speech sounds.
Function: The air escapes through the nose during speech & the nose during speech and the speech is perceived as hyper nasal if the separation is incomplete.
Hard palate
Characteristic: A thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth.
Function: The interaction between the tongue & the hard palate is essential in the formation of certain speech sounds, notable /t/, /d/, and /j/.
Teeth
Characteristic: The sound which are made with the touching the teeth (upper or lower) are called dental sounds.
Function: Speech is a combination of phonetic sounds created by a your teeth, lips, and tongue. Usually if your teeth are creating a speech impediment, the F, V, S, T and E sounds are affected the most.
Oral cavity
Characteristic: The oral cavity is located just beneath the nasal cavity, the two being separated by the palate. Extending from the mouth opening, it continues till above the throat, to the beginning of the oropharynx, the part of the pharynx located just after the oral cavity.
Function: The oral cavity functions as the first part of the digestive tract, a secondary source of respiration, a sound manipulation area for speech and the location of sensory organs for taste.