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Sight disorders (Glaucoma) - Coggle Diagram
Sight disorders (Glaucoma)
Pathophysiology
which is thought to maintain the pressure gradient between the inside of the eye and the surrounding tissues.
The lamina cribrosa is more sensitive to pressure changes, which causes it to be displaced in high IOP, resulting in pinching of the optic nerve and blood vessels and possibly causing nerve damage.
The nerve fibres of the optic disc exit the eye posteriorly through a hole in the sclera that is occupied by a mesh-like structure called the lamina cribrosa,
It is believed that the raised pressure on the retina causes the cells and nerve ganglions in the sensitive retina to die off (retinal ganglion apoptosis) and in addition the small blood vessels of the retina are also compressed depriving it of nutrients.
Definition
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, the health of which is vital for good vision. This damage is often caused by an abnormally high pressure in your eye.
Symptoms
Open-angle glaucoma
Patchy blind spots in your side (peripheral) or central vision
Tunnel vision in the advanced stages
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Eye pain
Nausea and vomiting
Severe headache
Blurred vision
Eye redness
Halos around lights
Risk factors
Having corneas that are thin in the center
Being extremely nearsighted or farsighted
Having certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure and sickle cell anemia
Having had an eye injury or certain types of eye surgery
Having a family history of glaucoma
Taking corticosteroid medications, especially eyedrops, for a long time
Being over age 60
Having high internal eye pressure (intraocular pressure)
Diagnosis
Checking for areas of vision loss (visual field test)
Measuring corneal thickness (pachymetry)
Testing for optic nerve damage with a dilated eye examination and imaging tests
Inspecting the drainage angle (gonioscopy)
Measuring intraocular pressure (tonometry)
Treatments
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (dorzolamide)
Rho kinase inhibitor-netarsudil (Rhopressa)
Alpha-adrenergic agonists (Iopidine)
pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine)
Beta blockers (Betimol, Istalol, Timoptic)
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Prostaglandins (Xalatan)
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS).
Lifestyle and home remedies
Limit your caffeine
Sip fluids frequently
Exercise safely.
Sleep with your head elevated
Eat a healthy diet
Take prescribed medicine