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Constructivism - Coggle Diagram

- - - - They build personal interpretations of the world based on individual experiences and interactions.
    - - the actual experience must be examined
  - - - Introductory
      - Advanced
      - Expert
  - - - accurately portray tasks
      - Not to define the structure of learning required to achieve a task
      - Based on how effective the learner's knowledge structure is facilitating thinking and performing
  - - - Teaching
        
        Learning
      - Passive transfer of facts
        
        Active application of ideas and problems
      - Learner
        
        Actively involved
        
        Elaborates and interprets the information given
      - Meaning
        
        Learner creates
        
        Learning objectives
        
        not pre-specified
        
        not predesigned
      - Show students
        
        how to construct knowledge
        
        collaboration
        
        self chosen positions
      - Task of the designer/teacher
        
        instruct student on how to construct meaning
        
        effectively monitor, evaluate, and update those constructions
        
        authentic, relevant contexts are experienced
- - - - Empiricism
        
        the view that experience is the primary source of knowledge
        
        organisms are born with basically no knowledge and anything ilearned is gained through interactions and associations with the environment
      - Rationalism
        
        view that knowledge derives from reason without the aid of senses
        
        Instructional design issues focus on how best to structure new information in or to facilitate
        
        the learners' encoding of this new information
        
        recalling of that which is already known
        
        humans learn by recalling or discovering what already exists in the mind
        
        distinction between matter and mind
- - - - Piaget
      - Bruner
      - Goodman