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CELTIC AND ROMAN BRITAIN - Coggle Diagram
CELTIC AND ROMAN BRITAIN
Celtic Britain
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the Celts spread across Europe and took over France, Belgium and crossed to Britain
Three main Celtic groups
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The Britons (Wales,Cornwall)
The Gaels (Ireland, Scotland)
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The Roman occupation
They brang civilisation to Britain (roads, forts, towns and baths)
Baths
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City of Bath
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The building at first was a shrine (santuario) dedicated to the goddess Sulis
The Romans developed this shrine into a temple and spa complex maintained the name of Sulis
Julius Caesar raided Britain in 55 and 54 BCE after that with Emperor Claudius the Romans conquered the island
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Unable to overcome the fierce Picts (→ Scottish people), Emperor Hadrian, built a wall to defend the province of Britannia. Hadrian's wall runs from coast to coast and can still be seen today
Anglo-Saxon Britain
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They talked different dialects of "Old English" , we still find footprints of it in modern English especially in short words and fields like the human body
The Roman legions were withdrawn (→ ritirate) from Britain and the Roman Britons found a shelter in the northwest
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The Anglo-Saxons were warriors linked by strong tribal ties. The most important person was the King that had followers around him called the thanes. Their roles were to:
→ watch over the farmland
→collect taxes
→ protect the kingdom
They never lived in towns, they preferred log houses in the countryside
Christianity
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Saint Augustine, sent by the Pope, built the first church in Canterbury and he became the first archbishop, the most important churchman in England
St. Patrick, who was a monk, organized the church among the Celts of Ireland. This Celt form of Christianity gradually spread round the outer edge of the British Isles
With time monasteries were set up. They were considered the center of culture and the monks had the task of copying old manuscripts and writing new ones
One of the monks, the Venerable Bede wrote in Latin an Ecclesiastical Church History of the English People which is the main source of our knowledge of the period
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The Vikings
Alfred the Great united Anglo-Saxons against the invaders saving his kingdom from the Danes, who stayed in Northeastern England. He also spread the culture by having translate in Old English the Ecclesiastical Church History of the English People and ordered the compilation of the Anglo-Saxons Chronicle to record English history
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Harold was the last Anglo-Saxon king. He was defeated by William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy. That's why English has influences from Latin and French.