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Integumentary system Marisol Gomez period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Integumentary system
Marisol Gomez period 1
Epidermis:
Superficial region. In epithelial tissue and it's avascular.
Stratum Basale: The deepest layer, dies when it move to the surface. Attached to the dermis.
Stratum Spinosum: Called the prickle layer because of the spikey keratinocytes. Multiple layers thick.
Stratum Granulosm; 4 layers thick but it's flattened so it's then. Cn notice the cell appearance changes. Slow water loss.
Stratum Lucidum: Only found in thick skin, 2-3 rows of flat dead cells.
Stratum Corneum: 20-30 rows or flat keratinized dead cells. Hells cells function to protect deeper cells, prevent water loss, protect from penetration, and act as barrier against biological chemical and physical attack.
Dermis:
Contains 2 layers, papillary and reticular.
Papillary: The superficial layer of loose areolar CT. Lies on top of dermal ridges. Enhance gripping, sense of touch and sweat pores.
Reticular: Makes up 80% of dermal thickness. Collagen fibers provide strength and resiliency. Keeps skin hydrated.
Integumentary:
Functions: Protection, Body temp regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic sensation, blood reservoir, and excretion of wastes.
Consist of: Skin, hair, nails, sweat, glands, sebaceous glands.
3 barriers: Chemical, biological and physical
Chemical: Secretes chemicals, sweat, sebum and defenses ( kill bacteria) =. Melanin provides chemical barrier against UV radiation
Biological barrier: Dendritic cells of epidermis engulf foreign antigens and present to white blood cell. Activate immune response . Has macrophages
Physical: Flat, dead. Keratinized blocks water and soluble substances. Chemicals are limited penetration.
Hypodermis:
Superficial layer.
NOT apart of the skin, shares functions
mostly adipose and absorbs shock and insulates
Anchors mostly muscle
Skin Cancer:
Basal Cell Carcinoma: least malignant but most common. Stratum basale cells proliferate. Slowly invade the dermis and hypodermis. Can be cured by surgery.
Squamous Cell carcinoma: 2nd most common. Has keratinocytes from stratum spinosum. Scaly and red. Found on scalp, ears, lower lip and hands. Cured by radiation therapy.
Melanoma: Cancer from melanocytes. Most dangerous and cannot be treated by chemotherapy. Needs wide surgical excision by immunotherapy. Need ABCD rule
ABCD rule:
A- asymmetry: 2 sides of pigmented area don't match.
B- border irregularity: exhibits and indentations
C: color: contains several colors ( black, brown, tan, red or blue.
D: diameter: larger than 6mm.
Degrees of Burns:
First Degree: Only reaches the epidermal, redness swelling and pain.
Second degree: Epidermal and upper dermal. Blisters and partial thickness
Third Degree: Entire thickness of skin, skin color turns gray-white. No swelling seen area will not be painful because the nerves are destroyed. A skin grafting is necessary.
Rules of nine
To see severity of burns, use rule of nine.
Total should equal 100.
Anterior and posterior head and neck= 9%
Anterior and posterior upper limbs= 18%
Anterior and posterior trunk= 36%
Perineum: 1%
Anterior and posterior, lower limbs= 36%