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The respiratory system, Removing carbon dioxide and water - Coggle Diagram
The respiratory system
- Respiratory system functions
Your body cells need oxygen, and they get that oxygen from the air you breath. The respiratory system moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. It also moves carbon dioxide and water from the body.
Taking in oxygen
The oxygen your body needs comes from the atmosphere. Your body doesn't use most of the other gases in the air you breathe in.
Breathing refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Respiration refers to the chemical reactions inside cells.
Oxygen is needed for the energy-releasing chemical reactions that take place inside your cells. Cells cannot burn enough fuel to keep you alive without oxygen.
As a result of respiration, your cells release energy that fuels growth and other cell processes.
The process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells is called respiration. Cellular respiration is different from breathing.
Systems working together
the respiratory system is one of the body systems that make respiration possible. Respiration wouldn't take place without the digestive, and circulatory systems as well.
The respiratory system brings oxygen to the lungs. While your digestive system absorbs glucose from the food you eat. When the circulatory system carries both oxygen and the glucose to the cells; where respirations occurs.
On its way to the lungs, air passes through a series of structures that filter and trap particles. These organs also warm and moisten the air. As air travels from the outside environment to the lungs, it passes through the following structures:
The nose
Air enters the body through the nose and then moves into spaces called nasal cavities. Cells lining the nasal cavities produce mucus. Mucus moistens the air and keeps the lining from drying out; it also traps particles such as dust.
The cells that line the nasal cavities have cilia. Cilia is tiny hair-like extensions that can move together in a sweeping motion. Stomach acid destroys the mucus and everything trapped in it. Some bacteria and particles can irritate the lining of the nose, which produces a sneeze. The sneeze shoots the particles out of your nose, and into the air.
The pharynx
Next, air enters the pharynx or throat. This is the only part of the respiratory system that is shared with another system. Both the nose and the mouth are connected with the pharynx.
The trachea
From the pharynx, air moves into the trachea or windpipe. The trachea has firm ridges that are rings of cartilage that strengthen the trachea and keep it open. It is lined with cilia and mucus. The cilia in the trachea sweep upward, moving the mucus toward the pharynx, where it's swallowed. The trachea's cilia and mucus continue the cleaning and moistening of air that began in the nose.
If particles irritate the lining of the trachea, you cough. A cough sends the particles into the air. Normally, only air enters the trachea. If food enters the trachea, it can block the opening, and it can prevent the air from getting into the lungs. When that happens, the person chokes. The epiglottis seals off the trachea while you swallow.
The bronchi and lungs
Air moves from the trachea to the bronchi. Bronchi is the passages that direct air into the lungs. The lungs are the main organ in the respiratory system. Inside the lungs, each bronchus divides into smaller and smaller tubes in a pattern that resembles the branches of a tree.
At the end of the smaller tubes are structures that look like bunches of grapes. Alveoli are tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood.
After air enters the alveolus, oxygen passes through the wall of the alveolus and then through the capillary wall into the blood. Carbon dioxide and water pass from the blood into the alveoli. This whole process is called gas exchange.
How gas exchange occurs
At the beginning, you are carrying a lot of carbon dioxide and little oxygen. As it moves into the capillary, oxygen gradually attaches to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells. At the same time, you are getting rid of carbon dioxide. At the end around the alveolus you are rich in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide.
Muscles for breathing
Notice that the lungs are surrounded by the ribs, which have muscles attached to them. At the base of the lungs is the diaphragm, a large, dome shaped muscle that plays an important part in breathing.
The process of breathing
when you breathe, your rib muscles and diaphragm expand or contract your chest. As a result, air flows in or out.
When you inhale, the rib muscles contract, lifting the chest wall upward and outward. At the same time the diaphragm contracts and moves downward. The combine action of these muscles makes the chest cavity larger. The same amount of air now occupies a larger space.
when you exhale, the muscles and diaphragm relax. This reduces the size of the chest cavity. This decrease in size squeezes air out of the lungs.
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Assesments
- c) The cells wouldn't have enough oxygen to carry out their processes.
- c) Coughing and sneezing makes are reactions that shoot the particles and bacteria in the lining of the nose. This can prevent diseases.
- a) water, carbon dioxide and oxygen.
- c) It would be harder for someone to get enough oxygen into their body at the top of the mountain; thus, gas exchange would be harder.
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