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hypotheses - Coggle Diagram
hypotheses
null hypothesis
a testable statement saying that any difference or correlation is due to chance
predicts no effect on DV.
any result found is due to error or chance
operationalised null hypothesis
'eating chocolate will have no effect on mood (scale of 1 (not happy) to 10 (happy) when eating a bar of chocolate compared to not eating chocolate'
'there will be no difference between condition X and condition Y' OR 'any difference in the DV between condition X and condition Y is due to chance'
sometimes better to swap the order of the DV and IV around
e.g. there will be no difference between older and younger witnesses' recall'
however make sure you state both levels of the IV and the DV otherwise it won't make sense
all experiments need a null hypothesis
--> or it's linked by chance.
in a correlational study 'there will be no relationship between variable X and variable Y
experimental hypothesis
- clearly states what the relationship will be between the IV and the DV
why use this
- alternative to the null hypothesis when there has been other research done before and you looked naive if you used a null
'drinking alcohol (IV) during revision will cause a drop in exam results (DV), as amount of alcohol increases, exam results will decrease'
directional/non-directional hypothesis
directional
one-tailed
statement predicting the direction of a relationship between variables
clearly states the direction the results/scores will take
why use this
- previous research has suggested a possible direction, you will wish to follow up from
non-directional
two tailed
statement predicting how one variable will be related to another - doesn't predict direction
'there will be a signifcant effect on exam sucess when students drink alcohol during revison'
why use this
- previous research as been inconclusive and you aren't sure what you might find
correlational hypothesis
- states if ti will be a positive or a negative correlation
'there will be a significant negative correlation between drinking alcohol during revision and exam success. as amount of alcohol intake increases, exam results will decrease'