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Important ideas under the 1st phrase of the development of system theory,…
Important ideas under the 1st phrase of the development of system theory
Triangulation and Conflict detouring
definition
involve a third person in their conflict or uncomfortable communication.
example
1.夫妻吵架 把小孩當信差 2.夫妻吵架 各自和小孩抱怨對方 3.太太以為了照顧小孩為理由 避免跟先生同床睡覺
Rules
definition
regulation ( spoken v.s. unskopen)
example
小孩對於爸爸敢怒不敢言, 因為家裡隱形的規定是『小孩有耳朵無嘴巴』,對於大人說的話只能接受 不能回嘴
Family Coordination through communication
definition
Communication is key to creating a healthy family dynamic.
example
小孩對大人只能順從聽話 不能有意見 這樣下去 引發衝突是遲早的事情
Double blind
definition
This is a conflict or inconsistency in communication that can leave the recipient of the communication feeling confused and uneasy
example
媽媽對小孩說 你有什麼事情都要跟我說, 但是 當小孩真的把心裡的話跟感想告訴媽媽, 媽媽常顯得不難煩 甚至批評小孩的想法太負面
Open and closed systems
definition
Open systems have little to no boundaries and therefore allow for a great deal of feedback from the outside. Closed systems have firmer boundaries and maintain stability through the use of internal feedback. Healthy relationships have both open and closed systems.
example
祖父母干 越過父母 涉孫子的教養, 我們可以把這個小家庭系統 看成過度開放 這樣 這個小家庭是無法建立自己的規則和價值的
Metacommunication
definition
This is the communication that occurs outside of what is directly said. That is non-verbal communication.
example
講話的語氣 聲調 神情 眼神姿勢 動作 身體語言...等等
Family homeostasis
definition
Family homeostasis refers to the family members prefer to maintain the current balance as much as they can, even though the state of balance is unhealthy or even though the disturbance of the current balance is positive change.
example
例如 爸爸有感於長期忙於工作 疏於照顧家庭 想要積極投入家庭的活動 跟家人有多點互動, 但是 長期以來 媽媽跟小孩已經”習慣於“ 自成一個系統來運作 也自有一個平衡, 因此 對於爸爸的加入 是有所抗拒的, 會用各種理由勸退（像是 嘗試說服爸爸還是要以工作為重 之類的）
Feedbacks
definition
It means the family members are able to monitor and reflect on their own actions. However, it doesn't guarantee that they are able to change the distressed problem when they realize it or their attempted solutions are always effective and healthy.
example
每次姐妹吵架 都要來向媽媽告狀, 久了 媽媽就很不耐煩 每次他們來告狀 媽媽都會生氣, 為了避免媽媽生氣 即使姐妹真的有吵架 也不敢讓媽媽知道 （對媽媽說謊 以免被罵 這是他們從過去的經驗裡面 得到的 嘗試解決問題的方法）
Family life cycle
definition
The family life cycle is the evolution of a family as it moves through the different developmental stages and phases of life.
example
青春期的小孩 要求更多的自主權和更多的自由 但是 往往沒有辦法負起相對應的責任 因此 讓父母很生氣 親子間的衝突 越演越烈
1st phrase of the development of system theory
起源
The start system theory and cynbernetics dates back to Confrence in New Yorks in 1940s. 在這個會議中 匯集了很豁對於“溝通”和”控制“ 有濃厚興趣的 科學家 社會學家 工程師 數學家
早期的systemtic idea 發展成為兩個分支
應用在製作mechanical control system上, 像是火箭自動校正系統or heating system
對當時的精神醫學造成衝擊 因為當時的精神醫學認為 精神分裂症的起因 是源自於病人個人的問題, 但是 系統觀點 認為問題是出在互動上（更精準的說 是源自於溝通）
應用在biological system
用系統觀點來詮釋 為什麼身體會維持恆溫, 內分泌和血糖 為什麼會透過身體的自動調節系統 一直維持穩定...等等
應用systemic thinking在人的身上
systemic thinking至今最大的貢獻是 將精神病患除罪化, 以前的正統精神醫學認為 精神分裂症之所以產生 問題是出在病患個人身上( identified patient) 但是 依照systmic thinking 問題是出在“互動”上(特別關注 溝通方式）, 而某個問題/徵狀之所以會一直維持or持續 是因為它是“有功能的” ex: 小孩的某些行為問題 是為了distract his parent from their own conflicts
人和人會如何互動, 不是取決於兩個人的個性, 而是一種相互影響的過程(彼此共同建構意義 和 行為）所以 當兩個人之間的關係惡化 不會只是單方面的問題（there is no root cause ）,是雙方“互動”所造成的, a view of problems as interpersonal, not intrapsychic.
Circularitis
definition
it becomes a predictable pattern where they both trigger one another to behave in a certain way.
example
找不到東西生氣-找媽媽幫忙-媽媽啐唸生氣-小孩覺得委屈挫折而啜泣-為了讓小來冷靜下來 媽媽雖然生氣 還是幫忙找東西