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Respiratory disorders (Asthma) - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory disorders (Asthma)
Definition
A condition in which a person's airways become inflamed, narrow and swell and produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe.
Signs and Symptoms
Wheezing when exhaling, which is a common sign of asthma in children
Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing
Chest tightness or pain
Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu
Shortness of breath
Causes
Physical activity
Cold air
Respiratory infections, such as the common cold
Air pollutants and irritants, such as smoke
Airborne allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander or particles of cockroach waste
Strong emotions and stress
Sulfites and preservatives added to some types of foods and beverages, including shrimp, dried fruit, processed potatoes, beer and wine
Certain medications, including beta blockers, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve)
Risk factors
Exposure to secondhand smoke
Exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution
Being a smoker
Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals used in farming, hairdressing and manufacturing
Being overweight
Having another allergic condition, such as atopic dermatitis
Having a blood relative with asthma, such as a parent or sibling
Complications
A permanent narrowing of the tubes that carry air to and from your lungs (bronchial tubes), which affects how well you can breathe
Emergency room visits and hospitalizations for severe asthma attacks
Sick days from work or school during asthma flare-ups
Side effects from long-term use of some medications used to stabilize severe asthma
Signs and symptoms that interfere with sleep, work and other activities
Treatments
Combination inhalers
Formoterol- mometasone
Breo Ellipta
Budesonide- formoterol
Fluticasone- samleterol
Leukotriene modifiers
Montelukast (Singulair)
zafirlukast (Accolate)
zileuton (Zyflo)
Inhaled corticosteroids
Budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler)
Beclomathasone
Fluticasone propionate (Flovent HFA)
Mometasone and Gluticasone
Prednisone
Pathophysiology
Tightening of respiratory smooth muscle
bronchial hyperresponsiveness
chronic inflammation of respiratory tubes