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HARVEY AND THE CIRCULATION OF BLOOD, THE DOUBLE CIRCULATION, STRUCTURE OF…
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THE DOUBLE CIRCULATION
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LEFT SIDE: Pumps this blood via the aorta to all organs of the body apart from the lungs. Then deoxygenated blood is carried back to the right side of the heart in the vena cava.
RIGHT SIDE: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Then oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart in the pulmonary vein.
STRUCTURE OF THE HEART
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CARDIAC MUSCLE
- Walls of heart are made of cardiac muscle
- Can contract on it's own without stimulation by a nerve (myogenic contraction)
- Many capillaries in the muscular walls of the heart.
- Coronary arteries supply blood to these capillaries.
- Blood brought by coronary arteries contains nutrients including oxygen for aerobic cell respiration to provide energy for muscle contraction.
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THE CARDIAC CYCLE
NO.1 - Walls of atria contract, pushing blood from the atria into the ventricles through the atrio-ventricular valves.
NO 2. Walls of ventricles contract powerfully and blood pressure rises inside of them.
- Atrio-ventricular valves close to prevent back-flow. - Semi-lunar valves open to pump blood into arteries
Atria start to refill by collecting blood from veins.
NO. 3 - Ventricles stop contracting so pressure falls inside them.
- Semi-lunar valves close to prevent back-flow.
- Atrio-ventricular valves open
- Blood entering atrium from veins now fills the ventricles.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CAUSING CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
- High blood cholesterol levels
- Smoking
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- High blood sugar levels (due to diabetes)
- Genetic factors (family history of disease)
Blood flow to cardiac muscle is restricted. Minerals deposited in the plaque make it hard and rough.
