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Cardiovascular disorders - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular disorders
Definition
Heart conditions that include diseased vessels, structural problems and blood clots.
Pathophysiology
which can lead to clinical events such as heart attack and stroke, or resolve with plaque growth.
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Physical trauma and inflammation produce lesion rupture,
Early indicators of heart attack are the inflammatory marker CD40, and the cardiac myofilament protein troponin.
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Enhanced calcium signalling suppresses HF. Neuro-humoral and biomechanical processes, as seen in hypertension, produce cardiac hypertrophy, which predisposes to HF through apoptosis.
Although in humans cardiac damage produces permanent loss of cells, because the heart cannot regenerate, developments in stem cell technology suggest that help is at hand.
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Nursing interventions
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Monitor ECG or telemetry tracings, observing for changes and life-threatening dysrhythmias.
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Space activities of daily living and nursing procedures to prevent undue fatigue. Encourage use of oxygen as ordered.
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Causes
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Smoking. Smoking and other tobacco use is also a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
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High blood pressure. High blood pressure (hypertension) is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
Prevention
Obtain and maintain a healthy weight to reduce the chance of type 2 diabetes.* Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Medical management
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Angioplasty and stents. Angioplasty is a treatment that uses stents to improve blood flow to the heart
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