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Impact of International Events Review - Japan - Coggle Diagram
Impact of International Events Review - Japan
First Sino - Japanese War 1894 - 1895
Japan won the war, marking the emergence of Japan as a major world power.
As part of the Treaty of Shimonoseki signed between Japan and China, China recognized the total independence of Korea and ceded the Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan and Penghu Islands to Japan.
The war impacted nationalism and militarism in Japan as it heightened Japanese ambitions of aggression and military expansion in Asia as well as emphasising the importance of the military in achieving Japanese foreign policy.
Russo-Japanese War of 1904 - 1905
The war made Japan a major military power in the far East. It also gave Japan economic power within Manchuria and Korea.
Japanese gains made during the war consolidated Japanese control of the Korean Peninsula, allowing Korea to eventually be annexed to Japan
Under a peace treaty, the Treaty of Portsmouth, signed between the two countries, Russia turned over Port Arthur to Japan.
Nationalism grew as the Japanese population believed that Japan’s interests were being undermined by the Western Powers. Militarism was also strengthened as Japan was able to expand its military presence throughout East Asia.
Japanese nationalists were dissatisfied with the result of the war.
The arbiter of peace was the American President, Roosevelt. However, he sided with Czar Nicholas in his refusal to pay indemnities to Japan. As a result, Japan accused America of cheating and anti-American riots in Tokyo ensued.
The First World War 1914 - 1918
Under the Treaty of Versailles, Japan’s 21 demands were mainly not achieved; however, some of Germany’s colonial possessions were handed over to Japan.
Japan saw the war as a mutilated victory causing ant-western sentiments as Japan fought as a second rank nation which did not get the same share of the ‘spoils’ as other Western nations.
Nationalism and militarism grew as Japan wanted to restore its providence from the mutilated victory.
In the 1919 Paris peace conference Japan demanded the racial equality clause which included the right to be part of the covenants of the league. This was in order to achieve parody with Western powers. However, these demands were blocked by the USA and Britain.
As a result, Japanese media propagated the news all over the country, increasing nationalism as they felt that they were being treated as second class nation.
The Washington Treaty System
Ship tonnages were agreed to be restricted to the ratio of 5:5:3:1.67: 1.67 for the US, Britain, Japan, France and Italy respectively. They also agreed to build no more fortifications in the Pacific. This heavily favoured Japan as the US could afford to build more ships, therefore the US's power was diminished.
As the US and Britain could not build bases in the Philippines and Hong Kong the pact enhanced Japanese security. Gave Japan key advantage re. approaches to Chinese coast.
While the Anglo-Japanese Alliance was ended by the treaty, it removed future British influence on Japanese policy in the region.