ASL as a langauge
Gestures emerged as the first form of human communication, that eventually turned into spoken language
Believed gestural communication was more effective because of its silent and spatial way of describing
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australopithecines (first human beings) communicate with their hands
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stokeo traces the development of of language in humans, gesture - language - speech :
Believes language is a cognitive system linked to physical system
"language is done by the brains, mouth happens to be 1 way it comes out from"
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thought that chance is what brought ancestors to the ground, freeing hands for gestures-sign-with progression necessity to comm.
"everything existing in universe is fruit of chance and necesity" - democritus
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sign is to expressing with the body instead of voice, stokeo forward on mime to sign
ASL capable of expressing 3D ideas
demonstrate change in size- deflation, expansion, etc.
describe height, width, interiro, exterior
describe people/obejects in action
words and ideas are expressed and valued in sign langauge
spoken languages have similar structure with vowel and constonants
signs languages have holds and movements: handdhapre, positions of hand, orientation of hand
signs are to be seen -signs developed ton boundaries of human visual system
one handed signs below the neck tend to become two handed
two handed signs contact with face tend one handed
sign prod. ties to become fluid by dropping parts of sign
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with influx of immigrants, foreign languages were banned especially in school, ASL was also considered foreign
sign was main communication between dorms counselors and peers but was not taught
first taught speak their name, then write, and then their asl name, then fingerspelling
deaf children forced to remember definitions of nouns, verbs, adverbs, etc with use of 'Fitzgerald key', 'Barry five-slate'
now students learn sign name, then finger spell, before learning how to write or pronounce names
students still lack bilingual education
In 1975 with a grant stokeo created research lab, convinced that sign language had highly developed linguistics
he received a lot of backlash from the deaf community, but continued research
they believed this would be a step backwards, Alexander bell graham granddaughter said
he published a book and a dictionary with English translations and signs internal structure, ex. handshape, location, movement
1950-1960s negative social climate probably had to do w negative feelings towards stokeo research
people were stilling thinking ASL as extension of English, which it was not it was its own complex lanuage
1970s attitudes changed, realized deaf culture is real, & centered around ASL, stokeo research was the basis for other research
father of ASL linguistics
new findings: hand shape, location, movement, orientation
morphology is what helps expand asl vocabulary, assimilation like "home", two signs begin to look more like each other in process of becoming one sign
in asl, linguists identify facial and. body behavior to determine senate type, there are 7
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