Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Clinical bacteriology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - very low CD count
    - - Clarithromycin+Ethambutol
      - Prophylaxis
        
        Azithromycin
  - - - cannot be cultured
    - - Skin lesions
      - Loss of sensation
    - - Tuberculoid
        
        Patches of hypopigmented skin
        
        Loss of sensation
        
        Strong Th1 response
      - Lepromatous
        
        diffuse skin lesions
        
        neuropathy severe
        
        Th2 response
    - - Dapsone
      - Rifampin
      - Clofazamine
        
        Lepromatous
- - - - Contaminated water
    - - Pneumonia
      - GI symptoms
      - Hyponatremia
        
        more common in Legionella
        
        happens in all pneumonia
        
        Confusion
    - - Fluoroquinolones
      - Macrolides
  - - - no ATP
      - Lacks muramic acid
      - No Gram stain
        
        Giemsa stain
    - - Elementary Body
      - Reticulate body
    - - Trachomatis
        
        Nongonococcal arthritis
        
        PID
        
        Conjunctivitis
        
        newborn babies
        
        4-12wks
        
        Staccato cough
        
        Reactive Arthritis
        
        autoimmune reactions
        
        Reiters syndrome
        
        Arthritis
        
        Conjunctivitis
        
        Urethritis
        
        Treatment
        
        NSAIDs
        
        NAAT
        
        Lymphogranuloma venereum
        
        Different serotypes
        
        L1-L3
        
        Genital ulcers
        
        later tender inguinal femoral lymph nodes
        
        drainage and antibiotics
        
        Trachoma
        
        Different serotypes
        
        A-C
        
        Africa
        
        Highly spreading
        
        Conjunctivitis
      - Pneumonia
        
        Atypical pneumonia
      - Psittaci
        
        Parrot fever
  - - - Spiral shaped
      - Oxidase positive
      - Microaerophilic
      - Common cause of acute diarrhea
        
        Fecal-oral
        
        Poultry meat
        
        unpasteurized milk
        
        contaminated water
      - Guillain-Barre trigger
    - - Cholera
        
        Toxin mediated
        
        ^ cAMP
        
        Rice water diarrhea
        
        Lysogenic
        
        Need large dose
        
        Death from dehydration
        
        Treatment
        
        Aggressive volume repletion
      - Vulnificus/Parahemolyticus
        
        Raw oysters
        
        Vulnificus can infect wounds after swimming
  - - - Leptospirosis
      - Contaminated water
        
        Surfer/Swimmer
        
        Tropics
      - Conjunctival suffusion
        
        Red eyes
        
        In combo with flu like illness
      - Aseptic meningitis
      - Weil's disease
      - Doxycycline
    - - Lyme disease
        
        NE states
      - Tick bites
        
        Ixodes
        
        Mice
        
        Deer
      - 3 stages
        
        Type 1
        
        Erythema Chronicum Migrans
        
        Flu symptoms
        
        Type 2
        
        Facial palsy
        
        AV block
        
        Type 3
        
        Arthritis
        
        Neuropathy
        
        Encephalopathy
        
        Blue-red discoloration
        
        Acrodermatitis Chronica Atrophicans
      - Treatment
        
        Doxyclcine
        
        Ceftriaxone
      - Relapsing Fever
        
        Borrelia Hermsii
        
        Borrelia recurrentis
        
        Louse
    - - Sexually transmitted
      - Dark field microscopy
      - 3 stages
        
        Primary
        
        Painless chancre
        
        unnoticed
        
        Secondary
        
        Maculopapular rash
        
        palms and soles
        
        Flu like symptoms
        
        Condyloma Latum
        
        moist area
        
        Tertiary
        
        Gummas
        
        Aortitis
        
        Tree bark appearance
        
        Aortic dissection
        
        Neurosyphillis
        
        Argyll Robertson pupil
        
        Small pupils
        
        Constrict to accomodation
        
        No response to light
        
        Tabes Dorsalis
        
        Ataxia
        
        Demyelination of post. columns
      - Diagnosis
        
        VDRL
        
        RPR
        
        CSF
        
        neurosyphillis
        
        False +
        
        Mono
        
        Rheumatic Fever
        
        SLE
        
        Leprosy
        
        Pregnancy
        
        FTA-ABS
      - Congenital
        
        1st Trimester
        
        Hepatomegaly
        
        Runny nose
        
        Long bone problems
        
        Saber shins
        
        Mulberry molars
        
        Hutchinsons Teeth
        
        Ear/Nose problems
        
        Saddle nose
      - Treatment
        
        Penicillin
        
        Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
  - - - Ixodex
      - Granulocytes inclusions
  - - - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
        
        Tick Bite
        
        Maculopapular rash
        
        Doxycycline
    - - Murine Typhus
        
        Endemic
        
        Rat
    - - Epidemic Typhus
        
        Historical
        
        Louse
- - - - Coagulase +
        
        S.aureus
        
        Nares
        
        Yellow pigment
        
        staphyloxanthin
        
        Beta-hemolytic
        
        Protein A
        
        Diseases
        
        Toxin
        
        Toxic-Shock Syndrome
        
        exposed to packing material
        
        Fever, shock, red rash, unusual diarrhea
        
        Desquamation after a few weeks
        
        Food poisoning
        
        Left at room temp. (picnic)
        
        Enterotoxin
        
        1 more item...
        
        Mayonnaise in potato or egg salad
        
        Scalded Skin Syndrome
        
        Newborn babies
        
        Exfoliative toxin
        
        1 more item...
        
        3-7 days after birth
        
        Fever, red rash, sloughing off skin
        
        1 more item...
        
        Nikolsky sign +
        
        Leukocidins
        
        Alpha toxin
        
        1 more item...
        
        PV-leukocidin
        
        3 more items...
        
        Infectious
        
        Impetigo
        
        Bullous
        
        Children
        
        Technically by toxin
        
        Pneumonia
        
        Lobar
        
        post-viral infection
        
        Endocarditis
        
        Acute
        
        Contrast with Strep. Viridans
        
        IVDU
        
        Osteomyelitis
        
        Common
        
        Location
        
        2 more items...
        
        Spread
        
        3 more items...
        
        Abscess
        
        Furuncle
        
        Carbuncle
        
        Tonsillar abscesses
        
        Treatment
        
        2 more items...
        
        Staph Bacteremia
        
        Insertion of Central Lines
        
        use good sterile techniques
        
        Cellulitis
        
        Deep dermis and sub. cutaneous fat infection
        
        Other skin infections such as
        
        3 more items...
        
        Bacterial conjunctivitis
        
        Antibiotics
        
        Resistant to penicillin usually
        
        Nafcillin, oxacillin work
        
        1st gen Cephalosporins
        
        Cephalexin
        
        Beta-lactamase inhibitor
        
        Clavunate
        
        MRSA
        
        altered PBP
        
        Nosocomial usually
        
        DOC
        
        Vancomycin
        
        Daptomycin
        
        Linezolid
        
        VRSA
        
        Catalase +
        
        May appear to similar to Kawasaki disease
        
        Mannitol salt agar
        
        Turns yellow
      - Coagulase -
        
        S. epidermidis
        
        blood culture contaminant
        
        infects prosthetic material
        
        biofilm
        
        Vancomycin treatment
        
        Methicillin resistant
        
        Novobiocin sensitive
        
        S. saprophyticus
        
        UTI
        
        sexually active young women
        
        Honeymooners cystitis
        
        Nitrite negative urine dipstick
        
        Treatment
        
        Fluoroquinolones
        
        SMX-TMP
        
        Nitrofurantoin
        
        Novobiocin resistant
    - - Beta hemolysis
        
        S. pyogenes
        
        PYR positive
        
        M protein
        
        Diseases
        
        Infection
        
        Pharyngitis
        
        30% cases
        
        1 more item...
        
        Rapid antigen test
        
        Treatment
        
        1 more item...
        
        Skin
        
        Cellulitis
        
        Impetigo
        
        Erysipelas
        
        Toxin
        
        Scarlet Fever
        
        Rash following pharyngitis
        
        2 more items...
        
        Erythrogenic toxin
        
        Lysogenic phage
        
        Sandpaper skin
        
        Strawberry tongue
        
        1 more item...
        
        Necrotizing Fasciitis
        
        Deep tissue
        
        Pyrogenic exotoxin B
        
        Deadly
        
        Urgent surgical debridement
        
        Types
        
        2 more items...
        
        TSST-like syndrome
        
        Pyrogenic exotoxin A
        
        Immune
        
        Rheumatic fever
        
        Anti-strep antibodies
        
        HS T-II
        
        Aschoff bodies
        
        Anitschkow's cells
        
        Elevated ASO titers
        
        JONES criteria
        
        1 more item...
        
        Cardiac involvement
        
        1 more item...
        
        PSGN
        
        Nephritic syndrome
        
        2-3 wks after GAS
        
        HS T-III
        
        Features
        
        3 more items...
        
        Hyaluronic acid capsue
        
        Bacitracin sensitive
        
        Enzymes
        
        Hyaluronidase
        
        Streptokinase
        
        DNAse
        
        IgG degrading enzyme
        
        S. Agalactiae
        
        CAMP factor
        
        Hydrolyses Hippurate
        
        Vagina
        
        Pneumonia, Meningitis, Sepsis
        
        35-37 wk screening
        
        Prophylaxis
        
        4hrs prior to delivery
        
        Penicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin
        
        Bacitracin resistant
      - Alpha hemolysis
        
        S. pneumo
        
        lancet shaped
        
        diplococci
        
        IgA protease
        
        Polysacc. capsule
        
        vaccine
        
        Unconjugated
        
        elderly
        
        Conjugated
        
        children
        
        Booster shots
        
        Diseases
        
        Lobar Pneumonia
        
        rusty color
        
        Meningitis
        
        Otitis Media
        
        Sinusitis
        
        Optochin sensitive
        
        Bile soluble
        
        C substance
        
        CRP
        
        Viridans Strep
        
        Normal mouth flora
        
        Dental caries
        
        Strep Mutans
        
        Subacute endocarditis
        
        S. Sanguinis
        
        Mitral valve prolapse
        
        Dextran
        
        fibrin
        
        Recent dental procedure
        
        Typical features
        
        Janeway lesions
        
        Anemia of chronic disease
        
        Splinter nails
        
        Osler nodes
        
        Roth spots
        
        Brain abscesses
        
        Optochin resistant
      - Gamma hemolysis
        
        Enterococcus
        
        Colonic bacteria
        
        UTI, endocarditis. biliary tree infections
        
        hospital acquired UTI
        
        GU procedures endocarditis
        
        MRE, VRE
        
        Linezolid
        
        Tigecycline
        
        Resistant to cell wall agents
        
        Impermeable to aminoglycosides
        
        Synergistic therapy effective
        
        grow in 6.5% saline or Bile
        
        Strep bovis
        
        Colonic bacteria
        
        Colon cancer association
  - - - Spores
      - Obligate anaerobes
      - Toxins
      - Types
        
        C. Tetany
        
        Spores in soil
        
        Penetrating injury
        
        Tetanospasmin
        
        Glycine, GABA release stopped
        
        Renshaw cells
        
        Spasms, muscle rigidity, contractions
        
        Risus sardonicus
        
        Trismus
        
        Opisthotonus
        
        Treatment
        
        Wound debridement
        
        NM blockers
        
        Toxoid vaccine
        
        C. Botulinum
        
        Ubiquitous
        
        Heat resistant spores
        
        Toxin
        
        Prevents Ach release
        
        Floppy paralysis
        
        Flaccid muscles
        
        Carried by bacteriophages
        
        Food
        
        adults
        
        undercooked or canned food
        
        Infant
        
        spores
        
        Honey
        
        Wound
        
        Bacterial growth
        
        Symptoms
        
        Diplopia
        
        Dysphagia
        
        Dysphonia
        
        Treatment
        
        Antitoxin
        
        Supportive
        
        C. Perfringens
        
        Widespread
        
        Gas gangrene
        
        Traumatic wound
        
        vasculature invasion
        
        Alpha toxin
        
        Phospholipase C
        
        Lecithinase
        
        Severe pain, tense and tender skin
        
        Crepitus
        
        Surgical debridement and broad spectrum antibiotics
        
        Food poisoning
        
        Undercooked meat
        
        spores
        
        Watery diarrhea
        
        Late onset
        
        usually others have preformed toxins
        
        Double zone of hemolysis
        
        C. Difficile
        
        Ubiquitous
        
        Nosocomial
        
        Antibiotics alter GI flora
        
        Antibiotic collitis
        
        Clindamycin
        
        Toxins
        
        Enterotoxin
        
        Watery diarrhea
        
        Cytotoxin
        
        Cell necrosis
        
        Fibrin deposition
        
        Pseudomembranes
        
        Wattery diarrhea
        
        White-yellow plaque
        
        Stool detection of toxin
        
        diagnosis
        
        Treatment
        
        Metronidazole
        
        Oral Vancomycin
        
        Toxic megacolon may occur
    - - Diphtheria
        
        Sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy
        
        Pseudomembrane
        
        Myocarditis
        
        Heart failure
        
        Arrythmia
        
        heart block
        
        CNS disease
        
        Renal disease
      - Exotoxin
        
        Carried by B-prophage
        
        Inactivates EF-2
      - Curved
        
        Chinese character
        
        Club shaped
      - Loefflers media or Tellurite agar
      - Metachromatic granules
      - Eleks test
        
        Schick's Test
      - Toxoid vaccine and antitoxin
    - - Facultative Intracellular
        
        Listeriolysin
      - Tumbling motility
        
        E-cadherin
      - Actin rockets
      - Poor cell mediated immunity
        
        Neonates
        
        HIV
        
        Transplant
      - Food
        
        Undercooked meat
        
        Unwashed vegetables
        
        Unpasteurized cheese/milk
        
        Likes cold temperatures
      - Transplacental transmission
      - Diseases
        
        Gasteroenterisi
        
        Self limited
        
        Meningitis
        
        Neonates and elderly
        
        Infection in pregnancy
        
        Bacteremia
        
        Fetal infection
        
        Granulomatosis Infantiseptica
        
        Disseminated problem
        
        Skin lesions
        
        Stillborn
        
        Placenta
        
        Chorioamnionitis
        
        Villitis
        
        Abscess formation
    - - Bacillus Anthrax
        
        Polypeptide capsule
        
        D-glutamate
        
        Soil
        
        Infects farm animals
        
        Bioterrorism
        
        Toxin
        
        Edema toxin
        
        inc. cAMP
        
        Lethal toxin
        
        Protease
        
        MAP kinase
        
        inhibit cell signalling
        
        apoptosis
        
        Disease
        
        Cutaneous
        
        Black ulcer
        
        Edema surrounding ulcer
        
        Ciprofloxacin and Doxycycline treatment
        
        Pulmonary
        
        Woolsorters disease
        
        Flu
        
        Pulmonary hemorrhage, mediastinitis, shock
        
        Widened mediastinum
        
        Treatment
        
        Multidrug regimen
        
        Antitoxin
        
        Comet-tail appearance
        
        Medusa appearance
      - B. Cereus
        
        Food poisoning
        
        Reheated rice
        
        Watery diarrhea
        
        Heat resistant spores
        
        Preformed
        
        Types
        
        Emetic
        
        direct ingestion of Cerulide
        
        1-5hrs
        
        rice dishes
        
        Diarrheal
        
        8-16hrs
        
        Several enterotoxins
        
        Heat labile
        
        Meat, vegetables, sauces
  - - - Oral flora
      - GU tract
      - Anaerobe
      - Resembles fungus
        
        long filamentous
      - Head/neck abscesses
        
        Cervicofacial mycetoma
      - IUD infection
      - Yellow sulfur granules
      - Treatment
        
        Penicillin
        
        Drainage
    - - Acid fast
      - Urease +
      - Obligate aerobes
      - Soil
      - Disease
        
        Pneumonia
        
        immunocompromised
        
        Many radiological findings nothing classical
        
        Skin
        
        immunocompetent
        
        Lots of manifestations
      - DOC
        
        TMP-SMX
- - - - Lactose Nonfermenter
        
        Oxidase +
        
        Pseudomonas
        
        VAP
        
        Resistant to many antibiotics
        
        Diseases
        
        Pneumonia
        
        cystic fibrosis pt
        
        UTI
        
        Surgical wound infection
        
        Sepsis
        
        Ecthyma Gangrenosum
        
        2 more items...
        
        Osteomyelitis
        
        Drug users
        
        Otitis Externa
        
        Swimmers ear
        
        Burn infections
        
        Hot tub folliculitis
        
        Obligate aerobe
        
        Environmental water source
        
        Pyocyanin
        
        Grape-like odor
        
        Burkholderia Cepacia
        
        Similar to Pseudomonas
        
        Cystic fibrosis
        
        CGD
        
        Catalase +
        
        Oxidase +
        
        H. Pylori
        
        Urease +
        
        Urea breath test
        
        Ulcers
        
        Majorly duodenum
        
        Mostly gastric
        
        MALT lymphoma
        
        Triple therapy
        
        PPI
        
        Clarithromycin
        
        Amoxicillin/ Metronidazole
        
        Oxidase -
        
        Salmonella
        
        Flagellated, motile, capsule
        
        Capsule Vi antigen
        
        Osteomyelitis
        
        GI tract of mammals birds and reptiles
        
        Poultry and eggs
        
        H2S
        
        TSI test
        
        Invasive
        
        Large monocyte response
        
        Salmonella Typhi
        
        Travelers to the 3 continents
        
        Rose spots
        
        Pulse temperature disassociation
        
        Remain in gallbladder
        
        Carrier
        
        Diagnosis
        
        Culture
        
        Treatment
        
        Gastroenteritis
        
        IV fluids
        
        Antiperistalsis meds contraindicated
        
        Not antibiotics
        
        Typhoid
        
        Ceftriaxone
        
        Vaccine typhoid
        
        Inactivated/Killed
        
        Shigella
        
        Non motile
        
        Invasive
        
        M cells
        
        Peyer Patches
        
        Macropinocytosis
        
        Jumps from cell to cell
        
        Shiga toxin
        
        Cellular response large PMNs
        
        Small dosage
        
        Transmitted fecal-oral
        
        Treatment
        
        Fluids
        
        Antibiotics
        
        Prevent spread
        
        Proteus
        
        Swarming motility
        
        Long flagella
        
        Bullseye on agar plate
        
        Urinary ascent
        
        Urease
        
        Struvite kidney stone
      - .
        
        Lactose fermenter
        
        Fast
        
        Klebsiella
        
        Nonmotile
        
        Impaired host defences
        
        Alcoholics
        
        Diabetics
        
        Nosocomial
        
        Aspiration of GI contents
        
        Resistant to many antibiotics
        
        Disease
        
        Klebsiella Pneumonia
        
        2 more items...
        
        Lung abscesses
        
        1 more item...
        
        Rarely UTI
        
        Large polysac capsule
        
        E. Coli
        
        Pilli
        
        H antigen
        
        1 more item...
        
        K capsule
        
        Disease
        
        Watery Diarrhea
        
        Bloody diarrhea
        
        UTI/pyelonephritis
        
        3 more items...
        
        Meningitis
        
        1 more item...
        
        Types
        
        EIEC
        
        2 more items...
        
        ETEC
        
        2 more items...
        
        EPEC
        
        3 more items...
        
        EHEC
        
        6 more items...
        
        EMB agar
        
        Produces indole from tryptophan
        
        Enterobacter
        
        Nosocomial
        
        Resistant
        
        ESBL
        
        2 more items...
        
        Slow
        
        Citrobacter and Serratia
        
        Resistant
        
        Citrobacter normal flora
        
        Serratia red colonies
        
        Serratia catalase +
        
        Osteomyelitis in IVDU Serratia
      - Bacteroides
        
        Anaerobic
        
        GI normal flora
        
        part of polymicrobial infections
        
        peritonitis
        
        intraabdominal abscess
        
        lung abscess
        
        Metronidazole
        
        Common GI therapy
        
        Cipro/ Flagyl
  - - - Otitis Media
      - COPD exacerbations
      - empiric treatment
    - - Maltose fermenter
        
        Meningococcus
        
        Meningitis
        
        Many asymptomatic carriers
        
        LOS
        
        Vaccine
        
        Purpuric rash
        
        DIC
        
        Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
        
        Outbreaks
        
        young healthy people
        
        Ciprofloxacin may be used too
        
        Terminal complement deficiency
      - Only glucose fermenter
        
        Gonococcus
        
        Diseases
        
        Gonnorhea
        
        PID
        
        Dyspareunia
        
        Chandelier Sign
        
        Ectopic pregnancy
        
        Infertility
        
        Septic arthriris
        
        sexually active young person
        
        Conjunctivitis
        
        Neonatal
        
        5-14 days
        
        Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
        
        Perihepatitis
        
        Glissons capsule inflammation
        
        Severe RUQ tenderness with pleuritic pain
        
        Violin String adhesions
        
        Urethritis/Cervicitis
        
        Progress to Orchitis/Epididymitis/PID
        
        Antigenic variation
        
        Treatment with Chlamydia
      - IgA protease
      - Ceftriaxone
  - - - Nasopharynx
      - Diseases
        
        Epiglottitis
        
        Unvaccinated
        
        Cherry-red appearance
        
        Airway obstruction
        
        Dysphagia/Drooling
        
        Pneumonia
        
        Meningitis
        
        Otitis media/ Bronchitis/ Conjunctivitis
      - Polysacc capsule
        
        Type B
        
        Polyribosol ribitol phosphate
        
        Vaccine also of type B
        
        Given before 7 months
        
        IgA protease
        
        Chocolate agar
        
        Factor V
        
        Factor X
        
        Blood agar growth
      - Hemophilus Ducreyi
        
        Chancroid
        
        different from syphillis
    - - Whooping cough
        
        Long spells
        
        Inspiratory whoop
        
        Post cough vomitting
        
        Exhaustion
        
        Can last for weeks
      - Aerosolised droplets
      - Pertussis toxin
        
        lymphocytosis
      - Acellular Pertussis vaccine
    - - Domesticated animals
        
        Dogs
        
        Pigs
      - Abd. Pain, NV
        
        Bloody diarrhea
      - Mesenteric adenitis
      - Dont confuse Y. Pestis
        
        Rats, Prairie dogs
        
        Buboes
    - - Cat scratch Fever
        
        Tender regional lymphadenopathy
      - Bacillary angiomatosis
        
        Mistaken for Kaposi Sarcoma
      - Endocarditis
    - - Unpasteurized milk
        
        Animal exposure
      - Undulant Fever
      - Treatment
        
        Doxycycline
    - - Farm animals
      - Spores
      - Placenta of infected animals
      - Endocarditis, fever flu symptoms
    - - Rabbits
      - Ulceroglandular Tularemia
      - Treatment
        
        Streptomycin
    - - Mouth of cats and dogs
      - Cellulitis
      - Osteomyelitis
      - Polymicrobial bite wounds