from his most famous speech in September 1895

he felt it was better to stay separate from whites than to attempt desegregation, as long as AAs were given access to economic progress, quality education and justice in US courts

first AA in the white house after he was invited to dinner with Theodore Roosevelt

his work in education inspired and gave hope to thousands of AAs

he believed their gradual gain in wealth would gain them respect and the ability to better challenge unequal civil rights

he had a completely different approach to gaining civil rights and it was essentially by playing the long game. he wanted AAs to gain equal civil rights by educating themselves to improve their industrial and agricultural skills to build wealth gradually so they would have the resources to gain respect and acceptance of the whites and to be able to challenge any attack against equal rights. his view was heavily criticized by the likes of W.E.B Du Bois, however Washington did inspire and give hope to the AA community that they could still have a good educating and become economically stable

most influential black protest leader in the first half of the 20th century

shared the creation of the NAACP (National Association for Advancement of Coloured People)

he initially believed that studying social sciences would provide the solution to "the negro problem" but due to severe racism, lynching, jim crow laws etc. he decided protest was the route to equal rights

clashed with Booker T. Washington over how to solve the race problem since he believed the way to solve racism was by taking immediate action rather than playing the long game

the idea that anybody of african descent should work together to gain freedom from racism and discrimination

America's oldest and largest civil rights organization

anti leaching campaign in the early years of its creation, this campaign was very significant

throughout the 1950s and 60s the organization won major legal battles

W.E.B. Du Bois lead the Niagra Movement, a civil rights organization which called for full political, civil and social rights for AAs

worked to achieve its goals by political lobbying, peaceful protests and battles in court

Won a major legal battle in Guinn v United States where it was concluded the grandfather clause was unconstitutional

was unable to get a federal law to ban lynching passed, but they raised significant awareness about the issue of lynching

Brown v Board of Education was a major victory where segregation in schools was banned

helped organize the 1963 march on Washington, one of the biggest civil rights rallies in U.S history

successfully lobbied the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act which prohibited discrimination against race, sex, colour, religion or national origin

he led the civil rights movement in 1950s until his assassination in 1968. he was crucial in ending the legal segregation of AAs in the south. he was head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference which promoted nonviolent tactics of protest

he continued to lead the boycott until buses were desegregated

the SCLC gave King a platform to give speeches on civil rights and he went on to lecture across the U.S on religious and civil rights issues

King became convinced that nonviolent resistance was the key to civil rights after brief discussions with Ghandi's followers

he was arrested along with 33 other AAs for sit in demonstrations

king managed to catch the attention of television and news media after realising media coverage would be significantly beneficial to the civil rights movement

One of King's lunch sit-ins received national news coverage after police used dogs and fire hoses to combat the nonviolent demonstration which raised massive awareness for the civil rights movement

This speech was incredibly influential as it helped bring about the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (along with political lobbying from the NAACP) and the speech is still widely remembered today

emerged from the lunch sit-in demonstrations in Nashville,Tennessee

she became a strong believer that nonviolent protests as a way of life

during one sit-in encounter at a Nashville restaurant she and others managed to convince white owners to desegregate the restaurant by getting white, important-looking ladies to sit at the counter with the AAs for 3 weeks and by the end the white owners become supporters of Nash's desegregation campaign

led all the "freedom rides" from Birmingham to Jackson after the first freedom ride in Alabama was stopped by violence

Nash was arrested for conducting nonviolent protest workshops for AA youth in Nashville

Nash went on to organize the 1963 Birmingham desegregation campaign and then worked with MLK and the SCLC during the Selma voting rights campaign