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issues and debates - Coggle Diagram

- - - - provides a complete and global account of the individual
      - meaningful generalisations cannot be made as there is no adequate baseline to compare behaviour
    - - testing under standardised conditions have enabled psychologists to establish norms of behaviour giving it greater scientific credibility
      - in lab studies that involve tests pps are treated as scores rather than individuals this overlooks human experience
- - - - the case for- the approach forms the basis of scientific research e.g in order to create operationalised variabes it is necessary to break down behaviours which makes it reliable
      - the case against- been accused of oversimplifying complex ideas leading to loss of validity. these reductionist explanations do not explain everything
  - - - aspects of social behaviour that only emerge within a group context and cannot be understood at the level of individual group members. this suggests holistic approach has a more global and complete understanding of behaviour
      - holistic explanations tend to not have scientific testing and are vague as they become more complex
- - - - (Dunn and Plomin) suggest that individual differences mean that siblings may experience events differently. This explain that MZ twins do not show perfect concordance rates
      - controversy over links with race, genetics and intelligence. Suggested that any behaviour can be changed by altering environmental conditions
  - - - genes and the environment interact is elaborated by constructivism. People create their own nurture by selecting certain environments which can affect development
      - (scarr and McCartney) gene environment interaction 3 types: passive interaction, evocative interaction, active interaction. This points out hte complex relationship between nature and nurture
- - - - evaluation
        
        the case for - the research of human behaviour has led to the development of treatment and therapies
        
        the case against- The hard determinist view is not consistent with the way the legal system operated in court as offenders are accountable for their own actions
  - - - The case for - face validity as we are constantly exercising free will. the fact we think we have free will may have a positive impact on mind and behaviour
      - the case against - our most basic experiences of free will are decided and determined by our brain before we become aware of them
- - - - individualist cultures value personal freedom and independence collectivist cultures place more emphasis on interdependence here cultural bias is less of an issue
      - unfamiliarity with research tradition when conducting research in other cultures as participants understanding is assumed
  - - - may create misleading assumptions about female behaviour and fail to challenge negative stereotypes that may have consequences for women
      - sexism within the research process as there is a lack of women and male researches are more likely to have their work published