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Germany Part 3(End of Y10) #3 - Coggle Diagram
Germany Part 3(End of Y10) #3
Propaganda
Joseph Goebbles
altered almost all forms of media to better accommodate a means of expressing Nazi ideals.
Newspapers would only contained approved stories that portrayed Nazism in a positive light; many negative or misleading stories about Jews or untermensch would be published, however. These
papers would also threaten their readers into not cancelling their memberships.
Films would first have to have their plots viewed by Goebbles to undergo production; if the film portrayed Nazism as anything other than prosperous of beneficial, the film would not begin production.
Jud Suss
was one such example of
anti-semitism through film.
The Nazis had complete
control
over
all German radio channels
; radios would be used to promote and spread Nazi ideas and the
Volksempfanger
began to be produced. The Volksempfanger was a radio that was cheap to produce and purchase, it could only tune into Nazi channels and over time, there were
more German citizens with a radio than Americans
. 70% of Germans had a radio by 1939.
6000 loudspeakers
were erected across Germany, allowing for Nazi ideas to be broadcasted and listened to whilst not in the home.
Many pieces of Nazi architecture resembles ancient
Greek or Roman buildings
; perhaps symbolising strength, intelligence, influence and power.
Rallies became increasingly popular during the Third Reich; such events as the week-long
Nuremberg rallies would see thousands of attendants
. Other events such as Nazi Party Day and
German Culture Day
would see a boost in national pride also.
The 1936 Berlin Olympic Games was seen as a perfect opportunity to display and promote Nazism; the German team, however, contained one Jew as a compromise as many threatened to boycott the games.
In
May 1933
, German students were encouraged to burn any books that were believed to be "not Nazi" or "not German".
Youth Groups
Boys' education and youth groups were focused on physical activities and exposure to political indoctrination. The aim of these groups were to prepare young boys to be future soldier.
Girls' education and youth groups would focus on domestic skills with hopes of preparing young girls for motherhood.
The Hitler Youth aimed to control the activities of young boys outside of the classroom and formulate a devotion to Hitler and Nazism among them.
By 1939, 90% of boys over 14 were members of the Hitler Youth.
The League of German Maidens aimed to prepare German girls for motherhood, the League would focus heavily on domestic skills and eugenics.
Youths joined these groups for the following reasons:
Eventually it was compulsory to join (in 1936).
Peer pressure was also a contributing factor.
The activities were enticing.
For some, it was an opportunity to oppose the opinions and values of their parents.
A membership would allow them to get places in educational institutes or job opportunities.
Opposition
Counter culture groups became relatively popular among youths in Nazi Germany. Opposing Nazism, Nazi culture and Nazi policies.
The Swing Youth oppose Nazi ideals by endorsing American culture. This group consisted of mainly middle class youths that mocked Nazis through "Heil Benny" salutes and exposure to "non-German" music. This group allowed for Jews for join. A member of this group was captured and sent to a concentration camp in 1942.
The Edelweiss Pirates typically consisted of working class youths; they would often go hiking and camping in hopes of finding and antagonising Hitler Youth members. This group would occasionally shelter military deserters and concentration camp escapees. One group that were affiliated with the Pirates killed a Gestapo member in 1944, they were executed for this. They would also commit petty crimes such as vandalism.
The White Rose Group consisted of Munich students; these students operated in public and opposed the war effort, Nazism and the segregation of Jews and Poles. Their leaders: Hans and Sophie Schall were subsequently executed in 1943.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer publicly scolded the Nuremberg Laws in his sermons; he was banned from preaching in 1937 and instead joined an illicit, underground movement, helping Jews escape Germany to Switzerland. He was caught in 1943, sent to a CC and hung.
Operation Valkyrie
was carried out in 1944, a group of generals (aware of the failing war effort) planned to assassinate Hitler via the use of a bomb. Hitler survived this attempted assassination, captured the ringleaders and went on to
kill 5000 more people
that he believed opposed him.
The Church
Martin Niemoller
formed the
Confessing Church
in response to Hitler's Reich Church, other protestant pastors joined too and between 1937-1945, 800 clergy members were sent to CC's.
Despite the standing
Reichskonkordat
, many members of the Catholic church still opposed Nazism. In 1937, the Pope even deemed Hitler a
"mad prophet with repulsive arrogance".
The end of the euthanasia being used the mentally ill was brought about by a campaign led by an archbishop.
Over
400 German Catholic priests
were imprisoned in
Dachau
throughout the tenure of the Third Reich.