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Renal failure image - Coggle Diagram
Renal failure 
Definition
It is the condition that occurs when the kidneys are unable to to regulate the PH and maintain their normal function
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Pathophysiology
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the function of the glomeruli suffers due to the excessive demands on them, leading to increased permeability and proteinuria.
Increased protein concentrations in the proximal tube system are direct nephrotoxins and can further impair kidney function.
Nursing care plan
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Auscultate lung and heart sound Fluid overload may lead to pulmonary edema and HF evidenced by development of adventitious breath sounds, extra heart sounds.
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Investigate changes in mentation, presence of restlessness.
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References
Launay-Vacher V, Karie S, Fau JB, Izzedine H, Deray G. Treatment of pain in patients with renal insufficiency: the World Health Organization three-step ladder adapted. J Pain. 2005;6(3):137-148.
Dean, M. Opioids in renal failure and dialysis patients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004;28(5):497-504.